A. 
Shoreline Administrator.
1. 
Jurisdictions that are part of the coalition shall designate a shoreline administrator. The shoreline administrator shall issue written shoreline exemptions as appropriate and, in the case of a shoreline substantial development permit, grant or deny the permit. The shoreline administrator shall administer the shoreline permit and notification systems and shall be responsible for coordinating the administration of shoreline regulations with zoning enforcement, building permits, and all other regulations regarding land use and development in the respective jurisdiction.
2. 
The shoreline administrator shall be familiar with regulatory measures pertaining to shorelines and their use, and, within the limits of his or her authority, shall cooperate in the administration of these measures. Permits issued under the provisions of this shoreline regulation shall be coordinated with other applicable land use and development regulatory measures of the respective jurisdiction. The shoreline administrator shall establish procedures that advise all parties seeking building permits or other development authorization of the need to consider possible shoreline applications. It is the intent of the coalition, consistent with regulatory obligations, to simplify and facilitate the processing of shoreline substantial development permits.
3. 
The shoreline administrator shall ensure proposed regulatory or administrative actions shall be liberally construed in the legal context, which is to give full effect to the objectives and purposes of the SMA and this SMP, as set forth in RCW 90.58.900.
4. 
The shoreline administrator shall ensure proposed regulatory or administrative actions do not unconstitutionally infringe upon private property rights. Shoreline goals and policies should be pursued through the regulation of development of private property only to an extent that is consistent with all relevant constitutional and other legal limitations (where applicable, statutory limitations such as those contained in Chapter 82.02 RCW and RCW 43.21C.060) on the regulation of private property.
5. 
The shoreline administrator shall apply CCC § 16.15.500, General provisions, for shoreline critical areas.
B. 
Planning Commissions/Asotin County Shoreline Commission (Shoreline Commission).
1. 
The planning/shoreline commissions are vested with the responsibility to review the SMP as part of regular SMP updates required by RCW 90.58.080 as a major element of the local jurisdiction's planning and regulatory program and make recommendations for amendments thereof to the county commissioners, or city or town councils, as applicable.
2. 
The planning/shoreline commissions review shoreline variances and shoreline conditional use permits, following an open-record hearing, and send a recommendation to the county commission, or city or town councils, except as noted in subsection (D) of this section.
C. 
County Commissions/City and Town Councils. The county commissions or city or town councils are vested with authority to:
1. 
Initiate an amendment to this SMP according to the procedures prescribed in WAC 173-26-100.
2. 
Adopt all amendments to this SMP, after consideration of the recommendation of the planning commission. Substantive amendments shall become effective immediately upon adoption by Ecology.
3. 
Approve or deny all shoreline variance and conditional use permits forwarded by the planning commission or hearing examiner pursuant to subsection (B) of this section.
4. 
Conduct appeal of any recommendation of the planning commission.
5. 
Decide on appeals from the administrative decisions issued by the shoreline administrator.
D. 
Hearing Examiner. The county commissions, or city or town councils, and the shoreline administrator are vested with authority to retain a hearing examiner to review applications and make decisions regarding approval of shoreline conditional use permits and variances. The decision to retain a hearing examiner for a specific permit application shall consider but not be limited to the following:
1. 
The amount of time required to review application materials and hold public hearings on the application, the size of the proposed project, the complexity of the application, and time-sensitive legislative or policy matters currently before the decision-making body;
2. 
Potential conflicts of interest by decisionmakers, including but not limited to the following:
a. 
Financial gain;
b. 
Property ownership;
c. 
Employment;
d. 
Association or membership ties;
e. 
Family or social relationship;
f. 
Bias or prejudgment of issues;
g. 
Current legislative or policymaking matters before the decision-makers that affect the site for which the application has been submitted.
3. 
The applicant may also request a hearing examiner.
(Ord. 2016-02; Ord. 2023-02 § 2 (Exh. 1))
A. 
Under the administrative provisions, the shoreline administrator shall have authority to interpret this SMP, when such interpretation is clearly consistent with the goals and policies of this SMP and the SMA.
B. 
The shoreline administrator shall consult with Ecology if formal written interpretations are developed as a result of a lack of clear guidance in the SMA, the SMP guidelines, or this SMP to ensure any are consistent with the purpose and intent of Chapter 90.58 RCW and Chapter 173-26 WAC.
(Ord. 2016-02)
A. 
A complete application for a shoreline substantial development, shoreline conditional use, or shoreline variance shall contain, at a minimum, the information listed in WAC 173-27-180.
B. 
The shoreline administrator shall provide written informational materials, procedures, instructions, and forms required to submit an application for a shoreline substantial development permit, shoreline variance, or conditional use permit.
C. 
These materials should include: a plan coversheet, a joint aquatic resource permits application (JARPA) form, SEPA checklist, fee schedule, review criteria, and the process and timelines to assist potential applicants and interested parties on the permit application submittal and review process.
D. 
The shoreline administrator may vary or waive these requirements according to administrative application requirements on a case-by-case basis.
E. 
The shoreline administrator may require additional specific information depending on the nature of the proposal and the presence of sensitive ecological features or issues related to compliance with other applicable requirements and the provisions of this SMP.
(Ord. 2016-02)
A. 
A shoreline substantial development permit shall be required for all development on shorelines, unless the proposal is specifically exempted from the requirement for this permit as set forth in CCC § 16.15.770. Shoreline substantial development permits shall be processed as an administrative permit.
B. 
Shoreline administrator shall review substantial development permit applications, as required in CCC § 16.15.730, and approve or deny the permit.
C. 
Shoreline administrator shall provide notice in accordance with WAC 173-27-110 and may provide additional notice, according to local noticing requirements.
D. 
A shoreline substantial development permit shall be granted only when the development proposed is consistent with all of the following:
1. 
The policies and procedures of the Act, Chapter 90.58 RCW;
2. 
The applicable provisions of Chapter 173-27 WAC;
3. 
This SMP.
E. 
The shoreline administrator may attach conditions to the approval of permits as necessary to ensure consistency of the project with the SMA and this SMP.
F. 
Nothing shall interfere with the shoreline administrator's ability to require compliance with all other applicable plans and laws.
(Ord. 2016-02)
A. 
Uses specifically classified or set forth in this SMP as conditional uses shall be subject to review and condition by the shoreline administrator and by Ecology. The applicable planning commission, shoreline commission, or planning committee reviews shoreline conditional use permits, following an open-record hearing, and sends a recommendation to the county commission or city/town council. A hearing examiner may be retained to provide recommendations and/or issue decisions and conditions on shoreline conditional use permits as described in CCC § 16.15.700.
B. 
Other uses that are not classified or listed or set forth in this SMP may be authorized as conditional uses provided the applicant can demonstrate consistency with the requirements of this section and the requirements for conditional uses contained in this SMP.
C. 
Uses that are specifically prohibited by this SMP may not be authorized as a conditional use.
D. 
Review Criteria for SCUP. Uses that are classified or set forth in the applicable SMP as conditional uses may be authorized; provided, that the applicant demonstrates all of the following:
1. 
The proposed use is consistent with the policies of RCW 90.58.020 and the SMP.
2. 
The proposed use will not interfere with the normal public use of public shorelines.
3. 
The proposed use of the site and design of the project is compatible with other authorized uses within the area and with uses planned for the area under the comprehensive plan and SMP.
4. 
The proposed use will cause no significant adverse effects to the shoreline environment in which it is to be located.
5. 
The public interest suffers no substantial detrimental effect.
E. 
In the granting of all conditional use permits, consideration shall be given to the cumulative impact of additional requests for like actions in the area. For example, if conditional use permits were granted for other developments in the area where similar circumstances exist, the total of the conditional uses shall also remain consistent with the policies of RCW 90.58.020 and shall not produce substantial adverse effects to the shoreline environment.
F. 
In authorizing a conditional use, special conditions may be attached to the permit by the shoreline administrator or Ecology to prevent undesirable effects of the proposed use and/or to ensure consistency of the project with the SMA and this SMP.
G. 
Nothing shall interfere with the shoreline administrator's ability to require compliance with all other applicable plans and laws.
(Ord. 2016-02; Ord. 2023-02 § 2 (Exh. 1))
A. 
The purpose of a shoreline variance is to grant relief to specific bulk or dimensional requirements set forth in this SMP where there are extraordinary or unique circumstances relating to the property such that the strict implementation of this SMP would impose unnecessary hardships on the applicant or thwart the policies set forth in RCW 90.58.020. Variances from the use regulations of the SMP are prohibited. Applications for a shoreline variance shall be subject to review and condition by the shoreline administrator and by Ecology. The applicable planning commission, shoreline commission, or planning committee reviews variance permits, following an open-record hearing, and sends a recommendation to the county commission or city/town council. A hearing examiner may be retained to provide recommendations and/or issue decisions and conditions on variance permits as described in CCC § 16.15.700.
B. 
Review Criteria.
1. 
Variances should be granted in circumstances where denial of the permit would result in a thwarting of the policy enumerated in RCW 90.58.020. In all instances, the applicant must demonstrate that extraordinary circumstances shall be shown and the public interest shall suffer no substantial detrimental effect.
2. 
Variances for development and/or uses that will be located landward of the OHWM, as defined in RCW 90.58.030(2)(b), and/or landward of any wetland, as defined in RCW 90.58.030(2)(h), may be authorized provided the applicant can demonstrate all of the following:
a. 
The strict application of the bulk, dimensional, or performance standards set forth in the SMP precludes, or significantly interferes with, reasonable use of the property.
b. 
The hardship described in the criterion in subsection (C)(2)(a) of this section is specifically related to the property and is the result of unique conditions, such as irregular lot shape, size, or natural features, and the application of the SMP, and not, for example, from deed restrictions or the applicant's own actions.
c. 
The design of the project is compatible with other authorized uses within the area and with uses planned for the area under the comprehensive plan and SMP and will not cause adverse impacts on the shoreline environment.
d. 
The variance will not constitute a grant of special privilege not enjoyed by the other properties in the area.
e. 
The variance requested is the minimum necessary to afford relief.
f. 
That the public interest will suffer no substantial detrimental effect.
3. 
Variances for development and/or uses that will be located waterward of the OHWM, as defined in RCW 90.58.030(2)(b), or within any wetland, as defined in RCW 90.58.030(2)(h), may be authorized provided the applicant can demonstrate all of the following:
a. 
The strict application of the bulk, dimensional, or performance standards set forth in the applicable SMP precludes all reasonable use of the property.
The proposal is consistent with the criteria established under subsection (C)(2) of this section.
b. 
That the public rights of navigation and use of the shorelines will not be adversely affected.
4. 
In the granting of all variances, consideration shall be given to the cumulative impact of additional requests for like actions in the area. For example, if variances were granted to other developments and/or uses in the area where similar circumstances exist, the total of the variances shall also remain consistent with the policies of RCW 90.58.020 and shall not cause substantial adverse effects to the shoreline environment.
(Ord. 2016-02; Ord. 2023-02 § 2 (Exh. 1))
A. 
An exemption from the shoreline substantial development permit process is not an exemption from compliance with the SMA or this SMP, or from any other regulatory requirements. All proposed uses, activities, or development occurring within shoreline jurisdiction must conform to the intent and requirements of Chapter 90.58 RCW, the SMA, and this SMP, whether or not a permit or other form of authorization is required.
B. 
Letters of exemption shall be issued by the shoreline administrator when an exemption applies or when a letter of exemption is required by the provisions of WAC 173-27-050 and as follows:
1. 
Any person claiming exemption from the substantial development permit requirements shall make an application to the shoreline administrator for such an exemption in the manner prescribed by the shoreline administrator, except that no written statement of exemption is required for emergency development pursuant to WAC 173-27-040(2)(d).
2. 
The shoreline administrator is authorized to grant or deny requests for statements of exemption from the shoreline substantial development permit requirement for uses and developments within shorelines that are specifically listed in subsection (D) of this section. The statement shall be in writing and shall indicate the specific exemption of this SMP that is being applied to the development and shall provide a summary of the shoreline administrator's analysis of the consistency of the project with this SMP and the SMA. The letter shall be sent to the applicant and maintained on file in the offices of the shoreline administrator.
3. 
Letters of exemption may contain conditions and/or mitigating measures of approval to achieve consistency and compliance with the provisions of this SMP and the SMA.
4. 
A denial of an exemption shall be in writing and shall identify the reason(s) for the denial. The shoreline administrator's decision may be appealed pursuant to CCC § 16.15.810, Appeals.
5. 
Exempt activities requiring a JARPA shall not be conducted until a statement of exemption has been obtained from the shoreline administrator.
C. 
Interpretations of Exemptions.
1. 
Exemptions shall be construed narrowly. Only those developments that meet the precise terms of one or more of the listed exemptions may be granted exemption from the shoreline substantial development permit process.
2. 
A development or use that is listed as a conditional use pursuant to this SMP, or is an unlisted use, must obtain a shoreline conditional use permit even though the development or use does not require a shoreline substantial development permit. When a development or use is proposed that does not comply with the bulk, dimensional, and performance standards of this SMP, such development or use can only be authorized by approval of a shoreline variance.
3. 
The burden of proof that a development or use is exempt from the permit process is on the applicant.
4. 
If any part of a proposed development is not eligible for exemption, then a shoreline substantial development permit is required for the entire proposed development project.
5. 
The shoreline administrator may attach conditions to the approval of exempted developments and/or uses as necessary to ensure consistency of the project with the SMA and this SMP. Additionally, nothing shall interfere with each responsible local government's ability to require compliance with all other applicable laws and plans.
D. 
The shoreline administrator shall exempt from the shoreline substantial development permit requirement the shoreline developments listed below:
1. 
Any development of which the total cost or fair market value does not exceed $8,504 or as adjusted by the State Office of Financial Management, if such development does not materially interfere with the normal public use of the water or shorelines of the state. For purposes of determining whether or not a permit is required, the total cost or fair market value shall be based on the value of development that is occurring on shorelines of the state as defined in RCW 90.58.030(2)(c). The total cost or fair market value of the development shall include the fair market value of any donated, contributed, or found labor, as well as equipment or materials.
2. 
Normal maintenance or repair of existing legally established structures or developments, including damage by accident, fire, or the elements. Replacement of a structure or development may be authorized as repair where such replacement is the common method of repair for the type of structure or development, and the replacement structure or development is comparable to the original structure or development, including, but not limited to, its size, shape, configuration, location, and external appearance, and the replacement does not cause substantial adverse effects to shoreline resources or environment.
3. 
Construction of a normal protective bulkhead common to single-family residences. A "normal protective" bulkhead includes those structural and nonstructural developments installed at or near, and parallel to, the OHWM for the sole purpose of protecting an existing single-family residence and appurtenant structures from loss or damage by erosion. A normal protective bulkhead is not exempt if constructed for the purpose of creating dry land. When a vertical or near vertical wall is being constructed or reconstructed, not more than one cubic yard of fill per one foot of wall may be used as backfill. When an existing bulkhead is being repaired by construction of a vertical wall fronting the existing wall, it shall be constructed no farther waterward of the existing bulkhead than is necessary for construction of new footings. When a bulkhead has deteriorated such that an OHWM has been established by the presence and action of water landward of the bulkhead, then the replacement bulkhead must be located at or near the actual OHWM. Bioengineered erosion control projects may be considered a normal protective bulkhead when any structural elements are consistent with the above requirements and when the project has been approved by WDFW.
4. 
Emergency construction necessary to protect property from damage by the elements. An emergency is an unanticipated and imminent threat to public health, safety, or the environment that requires immediate action within a time too short to allow full compliance with this section. Emergency construction does not include development of new permanent protective structures where none previously existed. Where new protective structures are deemed by the shoreline administrator to be the appropriate means to address the emergency situation, and upon abatement of the emergency situation, the new structure shall be removed and any permit that would have been required, absent an emergency, pursuant to Chapter 90.58 RCW or this SMP, shall be obtained. All emergency construction shall be consistent with the policies and requirements of this section, Chapter 90.58 RCW, and this SMP. As a general matter, flooding or other seasonal events that can be anticipated and may occur but that are not imminent are not an emergency.
a. 
The following criteria shall exist to qualify any action under an emergency provision:
i. 
There must be an immediate threat to life, or public or private property, or an immediate threat of serious environmental degradation arising from a natural condition or nonnatural accident or incident.
ii. 
The emergency response shall be confined to the action necessary to protect life or property from damage.
iii. 
The scope of the emergency response must be limited to the work necessary to relieve the immediate threat.
iv. 
The emergency response applies only to the period of time in which the actual emergency exists.
b. 
Once the emergency is abated or dissipated as deemed by jurisdictional authorities, compliance with the requirements of this section is required.
c. 
Emergency actions shall use reasonable methods that minimize the impact to critical areas and their buffers. Persons who take emergency action shall notify the shoreline administrator within one working day following commencement of the emergency activity. Following such notification, the shoreline administrator shall determine if the action taken was within the scope and definition of emergency actions as defined above. If the shoreline administrator determines that the action taken or any part of the action taken was beyond the scope and definition of allowed emergency actions, then the enforcement provisions of CCC § 16.15.830, Enforcement, shall apply.
5. 
Construction and practices normal or necessary for farming, irrigation, and ranching activities, including agricultural service roads and utilities on shorelands and the construction and maintenance of irrigation structures including, but not limited to, head gates, pumping facilities, and irrigation channels. A feedlot of any size, all processing plants, other activities of a commercial nature, and alteration of the contour of the shorelands by leveling or filling, other than that which results from normal cultivation, shall not be considered normal or necessary farming or ranching activities.
6. 
Construction or modification of navigational aids such as channel markers and anchor buoys.
7. 
Construction on shorelands by an owner, lessee, or contract purchaser of a single-family residence or appurtenance for their own use or for the use of their family, which residence does not exceed a height of 35 feet above average grade level and which meets all other local requirements, other than requirements imposed pursuant to Chapter 90.58 RCW. Construction authorized under this exemption shall be located landward of the OHWM.
8. 
Construction of a dock, including a community dock, designed for pleasure craft only, for the private noncommercial use of the owner, lessee, or contract purchaser of single-family and multiple-family residences. A dock is a landing and moorage facility for watercraft and does not include recreational decks, storage facilities or other appurtenances. This exception applies if the fair market value of the dock does not exceed:
a. 
Twenty-two thousand five hundred dollars for docks that are constructed to replace existing docks, are of equal or lesser square footage than the existing dock being replaced; or
b. 
Eleven thousand two hundred dollars for all other docks constructed in fresh waters.
c. 
However, if subsequent construction occurs within five years of completion of the prior construction, and the combined fair market value of the subsequent and prior construction exceeds the amount specified above, the subsequent construction shall be considered a substantial development for the purpose of this chapter.
9. 
Operation, maintenance, repair, or construction of canals, waterways, drains, reservoirs, or other facilities that now exist or are hereafter created or developed as a part of an irrigation system for the primary purpose of making use of system waters, including return flow and artificially stored groundwater from the irrigation of lands.
10. 
The marking of property lines or corners on state-owned lands, when such marking does not significantly interfere with normal public use of the surface of the water.
11. 
Operation and maintenance of existing systems of dikes, drains, or other facilities existing on September 8, 1975 (where water is being drained from irrigation runoff or shallow groundwater levels artificially recharged through irrigation), or future systems, which are created, developed or used primarily as a part of an agricultural drainage or diking system.
12. 
Any project with a certification from the governor pursuant to Chapter 80.50 RCW (certification from the State Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council).
13. 
Site exploration and investigation activities are prerequisite to preparation of an application for development authorization under this section, if:
a. 
The activity does not interfere with the normal public use of surface waters.
b. 
The activity will have no significant adverse impact on the environment, including, but not limited to, fish, wildlife, fish or wildlife habitat, water quality, and aesthetic values.
c. 
The activity does not involve the installation of any structure and, upon completion of the activity, the vegetation and land configuration of the site are restored to conditions existing before the activity.
d. 
A private entity seeking development authorization under this section first posts a performance bond or provides other evidence of financial responsibility to the local jurisdiction to ensure the site is restored to preexisting conditions.
14. 
The process of removing or controlling aquatic noxious weeds, as defined in RCW 17.26.020, through the use of an herbicide or other treatment methods applicable to weed control published by the Departments of Agriculture or Ecology jointly with other state agencies under Chapter 43.21C RCW.
15. 
Watershed restoration projects as defined in RCW 89.08.460.
16. 
A public or private project that is designed to improve fish or wildlife habitat or fish passage, consistent with RCW 90.58.147 and 77.55.181.
17. 
Other than conversions to nonforest land use, forest practices regulated under Chapter 76.09 RCW are not subject to additional regulations under the SMA or this SMP (RCW 90.58.030(2)(d)(ii)).
18. 
The external or internal retrofitting of an existing structure with the exclusive purpose of compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. Section 12101 et seq.) or to otherwise provide physical access to the structure by individuals with disabilities.
(Ord. 2016-02; Ord. 2023-02 § 2 (Exh. 1))
A. 
The duration of permits shall be consistent with WAC 173-27-090 as follows:
1. 
Construction activities shall be commenced or, where no construction activities are involved, the use or activity shall be commenced within two years of the effective date of a substantial development permit. The shoreline administrator may authorize a single extension for a period not to exceed one year based on reasonable factors if a request for extension has been filed before the expiration date and notice of the proposed extension is given to parties of record on the substantial development permit and to the department.
2. 
Authorization to conduct development activities shall terminate five years after the effective date of a substantial development permit. However, the shoreline administrator may authorize a single extension for a period not to exceed one year based on reasonable factors if a request for extension has been filed before the expiration date and notice of the proposed extension is given to parties of record and to the department.
(Ord. 2016-02)
A. 
Each permit for a substantial development, shoreline conditional use, or shoreline variance issued by local government shall contain a provision that construction pursuant to the permit shall not begin and is not authorized until 21 days from the date of filing with Ecology as defined in RCW 90.58.140(6) and WAC 173-27-130, or until all review proceedings initiated within 21 days from the date of filing of the decision. The date of filing for a substantial development permit is the date of actual receipt by Ecology of a local government's final decision on the permit. With regard to a permit for a shoreline variance or a shoreline conditional use, "date of filing" means the date a responsible local government or applicant receives the written decision of Ecology. When a substantial development permit and a conditional use or shoreline variance are required for a development, the submittal on the permits shall be made concurrently.
B. 
Permits for substantial development, shoreline conditional use, or shoreline variance may be in any form prescribed and used by the shoreline administrator, including a combined permit application form. Such forms will be supplied by the shoreline administrator.
C. 
A permit datasheet shall be submitted to Ecology with each shoreline permit. The permit datasheet form shall be consistent with WAC 173-27-990.
(Ord. 2016-02; Ord. 2023-02 § 2 (Exh. 1))
A. 
After local approval of a shoreline conditional use or variance, the shoreline administrator shall submit the permit to Ecology for approval, approval with conditions, or denial. Ecology shall render and transmit to the county, city or town, and the applicant its final decision approving, approving with conditions, or disapproving the permit within 30 days of the date of submittal by the shoreline administrator pursuant to WAC 173-27-110.
B. 
Ecology shall review the complete file submitted by the shoreline administrator on shoreline conditional use or variances and any other information submitted or available that is relevant to the application. Ecology shall base its determination to approve, approve with conditions, or deny a conditional use permit or variances on consistency with the policy and provisions of the SMA and except as provided in WAC 173-27-210 and the criteria in WAC 173-27-160 and 173-27-170.
C. 
The shoreline administrator shall provide timely notification of Ecology's final decision to those interested persons having requested notification from local government pursuant to WAC 173-27-130.
(Ord. 2016-02)
A. 
Appeals of Shoreline Permit Decisions. The county, city, or town decisions on shoreline permits may be appealed to the following "bodies" in this sequence:
1. 
The county commission, city or town council for decisions made by the shoreline administrator, and/or the hearing examiner. The county commission, city or town council, or shoreline administrator may retain a hearing examiner to conduct appeal hearings as described in CCC § 16.15.700.
2. 
State Shorelines Hearings Board (SHB) in Tumwater.
3. 
SHB decisions may be appealed to superior court.
4. 
Superior court decisions may be appealed to the court of appeals.
5. 
Appeals court decisions may be appealed to the Washington Supreme Court.
6. 
Appeals to the SHB and courts are governed by RCW 43.21B.001 and 90.58.180, Chapter 34.05 RCW, Part V, and Chapter 461-08 WAC.
B. 
All requests for review of any final permit decisions under Chapter 90.58 RCW and Chapter 173-27 WAC are governed by the procedures established in RCW 90.58.180, Chapter 461-08 WAC, and the rules of practice and procedure of the SHB.
(Ord. 2016-02; Ord. 2023-02 § 2 (Exh. 1))
A. 
A permit revision is required whenever the applicant proposes substantive changes to the design, terms, or conditions of a project from that approved in the permit. Changes are substantive if they materially alter the project in a manner that relates to its conformance to the terms and conditions of the permit, the SMP, and/or the policies and provisions of Chapter 90.58 RCW. Changes that are not substantive in effect do not require approval of a revision.
B. 
Revisions to permits shall be considered consistent with WAC 173-27-100.
(Ord. 2016-02)
Any violation of this chapter shall be subject to the provisions of CCC Title 19, Code Enforcement. The shoreline administrator may commence and prosecute enforcement action jointly with Ecology. Pursuant to Chapter 173-27 WAC, Ecology may initiate and prosecute enforcement action separate from the shoreline administrator.
(Ord. 2016-02; Ord. 2017-06)
A. 
The coalition will periodically evaluate the effectiveness of the SMP update for achieving no net loss of shoreline ecological functions with respect to shoreline permitting and exemptions. At the end of the first full year after adoption, and at the end of every other year thereafter, the shoreline administrator shall prepare a report documenting shoreline development permits, conditional permits, and variances, including the exempt use activity approvals and the locations and effects of each by type and classifications. The report should include activities involving development, conservation, restoration, mitigation, and enforcement. It should summarize the net change of developments (including new development and decommissioning of structures and protected areas) using indicators such as linear length of stabilization and flood hazard structures, number of overwater structures (e.g., piers and docks), road length within shoreline, number of water body road crossings, number of levees/dikes, acres of impervious surface areas, acres of vegetation, acres of permanently protected areas, or areas with limited development. Compliance and enforcement activity will also be tracked.
B. 
The shoreline administrator will, to the extent feasible, coordinate with other local government departments or adjacent jurisdictions, as applicable, to assess cumulative effects of shoreline development.
(Ord. 2016-02)
1. 
"Accretion"
may be either natural or artificial. Natural accretion is the buildup of land, solely by the action of the forces of nature, on a beach by deposition of water or airborne material. Artificial accretion is a similar buildup of land by reason of an act of man, such as the accretion formed by a groin, breakwater, or beach fill deposited by mechanical means.
2. 
"Act"
means the Washington State SMA, Chapter 90.58 RCW.
3. 
"Active fault"
means a fault that is considered likely to undergo renewed movement within a period of concern to humans. Faults are commonly considered to be active if the fault has moved one or more times in the last 10,000 years.
4. 
"Additions"
means improvements to an existing building or structure, the cost of which does not exceed 50 percent of the assessed value of the total structure or result in an increase greater than 25 percent of the building footprint (up to a maximum of 500 square feet) before the addition is started. Additions must share a common wall (one full side) with the original structure.
5. 
"Adjacent,"
for purposes of applying Article V, Critical Areas, means immediately adjoining (in contact with the boundary of the influence area) or within a distance less than that needed to separate activities from critical areas to ensure protection of the functions and values of the critical areas. Adjacent shall mean any activity or development located:
a. 
On site immediately adjoining a critical area; or
b. 
A distance equal to or less than the required critical area buffer width and building setback.
6. 
"Agricultural activities"
means agricultural uses and practices, including, but not limited to: producing, breeding, or increasing agricultural products; rotating and changing agricultural crops; allowing land used for agricultural activities to lie fallow in which it is plowed and tilled but left unseeded; allowing land used for agricultural activities to lie dormant as a result of adverse agricultural market conditions; allowing land used for agricultural activities to lie dormant because the land is enrolled in a local, state, or federal conservation program, or the land is subject to a conservation easement; conducting agricultural operations; maintaining, repairing, and replacing agricultural equipment; maintaining, repairing, and replacing agricultural facilities; provided, that the replacement facility is no closer to the shoreline than the original facility; and maintaining agricultural lands under production or cultivation. Also see definition of "New agricultural activities" below.
7. 
"Agricultural products"
includes, but is not limited to: horticultural, viticultural, floricultural, and vegetable, fruit, berry, grain, hops, hay, straw, turf, sod, seed, and apiary products; feed or forage for livestock; Christmas trees; hybrid cottonwood and similar hardwood trees grown as crops and harvested within 20 years of planting; and livestock, including both the animals themselves and animal products including, but not limited to, meat, upland finfish, poultry and poultry products, and dairy products.
8. 
"Agricultural equipment"
includes, but is not limited to, the following items used in agricultural operations:
a. 
Equipment; machinery; constructed shelters, buildings, and ponds; fences; upland finfish rearing facilities; and water diversion, withdrawal, conveyance, and use equipment and facilities including, but not limited to, pumps, pipes, tapes, canals, ditches, and drains;
b. 
Corridors and facilities for transporting personnel, livestock, and equipment to, from, and within agricultural lands;
c. 
Farm residences and associated equipment, lands, and facilities;
d. 
Roadside stands and on-farm markets for marketing fruit or vegetables.
9. 
Agricultural Facilities.
See "Agricultural equipment."
10. 
"Agricultural land"
means those specific land areas on which agriculture activities are conducted as of the date of adoption of a local SMP pursuant to these guidelines as evidenced by aerial photography or other documentation. After the effective date of the SMP, land converted to agricultural use is subject to compliance with the requirements of the SMP.
11. 
"Alteration"
for purposes of applying Article V, Critical Areas, means any human-induced change in an existing condition of a critical area or its buffer. Alterations include grading, filling, dredging, channelizing, clearing (vegetation), applying pesticides, discharging waste, construction, compaction, excavation, modifying for stormwater management, relocating, or other activities that change the existing landform, vegetation, hydrology, wildlife, or habitat value of critical areas.
12. 
"Amendment"
means a revision, update, addition, deletion, and/or reenactment to an existing SMP.
13. 
"Anadromous fish"
means fish born in fresh water, which spend most of their lives in the sea and return to fresh water to spawn. Salmon, smelt, shad, striped bass, and sturgeon are common examples.
14. 
"Applicant"
means a person who files an application for a permit under this SMP and who is either the owner of the land on which that proposed activity would be located, a contract purchaser, or the authorized agent of such a person.
15. 
"Approval"
means an official action by a local government legislative body agreeing to submit a proposed SMP or amendments to Ecology for review and official action pursuant to this SMP or an official action by Ecology to make a local government SMP effective, thereby incorporating the approved SMP or amendment into the SMP.
16. 
"Aquaculture"
means the culture or farming of fish or other aquatic plants and animals, and includes salmonid acclimation facilities.
17. 
"Aquifer recharge area"
means an area through which precipitation and surface water infiltrate the soil and are transmitted through rocks and soil to create groundwater storage. They are also areas where an aquifer that is a source of drinking water is vulnerable to contamination that would affect the potability of water.
18. 
"Area of project review"
means the area within shoreline jurisdiction surrounding and including one or more critical areas within which activities and developments are subject to the provisions of this SMP.
19. 
"Area of special flood hazard"
means the land in the floodplain within a community subject to a one percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year. Designation on maps always includes the letter A or V.
20. 
"Assessed value"
shall be as established by the county assessor's office, unless otherwise provided by a market appraisal institute appraisal.
21. 
"Associated wetlands"
are those wetlands that are in proximity to and either influence or are influenced by a stream subject to the SMA.
22. 
"Average grade level"
means the average of the natural or existing topography of the portion of the lot, parcel, or tract of real property, which will be directly under the proposed building or structure. In the case of structures to be built over water, average grade level shall be the elevation of the OHWM. Calculation of the average grade level shall be made by averaging the ground elevations at the midpoint of all exterior walls of the proposed building or structure.
23. 
"Backfill"
means the placement of earth material or other approved material behind a retaining wall or structure.
24. 
"Base flood"
means a flood having a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. Also referred to as the "100-year flood." Designated on FIRMs with the letters A or V.
25. 
"Base flood elevation"
means the water surface elevation of the base flood. It shall be referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
26. 
"Best management practices (BMPs)"
means conservation practices or systems of practice and management measures that meet all of the following criteria:
a. 
Control soil loss and reduce water quality degradation caused by high concentrations of nutrients, animal waste, toxics, and sediment.
b. 
Minimize adverse impacts on surface water and groundwater flow, circulation patterns, and the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of wetlands.
c. 
Protect trees and vegetation designated to be retained during and following site construction.
d. 
Provide standards for proper use of chemical herbicides within critical areas.
27. 
"Best management practices (BMPs), agricultural"
means systems of practices, schedules of activities, prohibitions, maintenance procedures, and management measures that prevent or minimize adverse impacts to the environment. Such practices may be subject to varying conditions, which include geographical location, weather, soil, or mineral types and conditions, type of crop or livestock, type of mining, and management systems. Generally accepted agricultural BMPs include those practices historically carried out in the region and those practices defined by the State of Washington Department of Agriculture, recommendations by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and other agricultural organizations.
28. 
"Biotechnical bank protection"
means any combination of techniques employing lithic (naturally occurring geological materials, including angular rock, cobbles and other sediments), soils, woody debris, geotechnical fabrics, and native plant materials employed to stabilize and/or reconstruct stream and riverbanks.
29. 
"Boating facilities"
include boat launches and upland boat storage, marinas, and other boat moorage structures or uses. For the purposes of this SMP, boating facilities excludes docks serving four or fewer single-family residences.
30. 
"Boat launch or ramp"
includes graded slopes, slabs, pads, planks, or rails used for launching boats by means of a trailer, hand, or mechanical device.
31. 
"Breakwater"
means an offshore structure whose primary purpose is to protect harbors, moorages, and navigation activity from wave and wind action by creating stillwater areas along shorelines. A secondary purpose is to protect shorelines from wave-caused erosion. Breakwaters are generally built parallel to shorelines, may or may not be connected to land, and may be floating or stationary.
32. 
"Buffer, critical areas,"
means an area that provides the margin of safety through protection of slope stability, attenuation of surface water flows and landslide hazards reasonably necessary to minimize risk to the public from loss of life or well-being or property damage resulting from natural disasters, or an area that is an integral part of a stream or wetland ecosystem and provides shading, input of organic debris and coarse sediments, room for variation in stream or wetland boundaries, habitat for wildlife, and protection from harmful intrusion necessary to protect the public from losses suffered when the functions and values of aquatic resources are degraded.
33. 
"Bulkhead"
means a vertical or nearly vertical structure placed parallel to the shoreline at or near the OHWM for the purpose of armoring the shoreline and protecting structures from the effects of erosion caused by wind or waves. Bulkheads generally consist of concrete, timber, steel, rock, or other material resistant to erosion. Bulkheads are used to protect banks by retaining soil at the toe of the slope, or by protecting the toe of the bank from erosion and undercutting.
34. 
"Channel migration zone (CMZ)"
means the area along a river within which the channel(s) can be reasonably predicted to migrate over time as a result of natural and normally occurring hydrological and related processes when considered with the characteristics of the river and its surroundings. (The SMP regulatory CMZ is mapped and on file at each county in the coalition and the town of Starbuck.)
35. 
"Coalition"
refers to the counties of Asotin, Columbia, and Garfield; the cities of Clarkston and Asotin; and the town of Starbuck.
36. 
"Clearing"
means the cutting, killing, grubbing, or removing of vegetation or other organic material by physical, mechanical, chemical, or any other similar means.
37. 
"Cluster"
means a group of three or more significant trees with overlapping or touching crowns.
38. 
"Community access"
means a shoreline access available to a group or community (e.g., homeowners association), which may not be accessible to the general public.
39. 
"Compensation project"
means actions specifically designed to replace project-induced critical area and buffer losses. Compensation project design elements may include land acquisition, planning, construction plans, monitoring, and contingency actions.
40. 
"Compensatory mitigation"
means types of mitigation used to replace project-induced critical areas and buffer losses or impacts.
41. 
"Conditional use"
means a use which may be permitted in a particular shoreline designation, but because of the type or nature of the use, conditions for its establishment and operation may be necessary to ensure compatibility with adjacent land uses. In addition, a conditional use is any use, development, or substantial development which is classified as a conditional use or is not classified within the SMP.
42. 
"Critical aquifer recharge area"
means those areas that are:
a. 
Designated as "wellhead protection areas" pursuant to WAC 246-290-135(4) and the groundwater contribution area in WAC 246-291-100(2)(e). Wellhead protection areas shall, for the purpose of this regulation, include the identified recharge areas associated with either Group A public water supply wells and those Group B wells with a wellhead protection plan filed with the local county health district.
b. 
Identified in the soil surveys for the counties as having high potential for aquifer recharge, including those soil types identified by the shoreline administrator.
43. 
"Crown"
means the area of a tree containing leaf- or needle-bearing branches.
44. 
"Cultural and historic resources"
means buildings, sites, and areas having archaeological, historic, cultural, or scientific value or significance.
45. 
"Designated floodway"
means the regulatory floodway that has been delineated on the county's FIRM.
46. 
"Developable area"
means a site or portion of a site that may be used as the location of development, in accordance with the rules of this SMP.
47. 
"Development"
means a use consisting of the construction or exterior alteration of structures; dredging; drilling; dumping; filling; removal of any sand, gravel, or minerals; bulk heading; driving of piling; placing of obstructions; or any project of a permanent or temporary nature, which interferes with the normal public use of the surface of the waters overlying lands subject to the SMA at any stage of water level. "Development" does not include dismantling or removing structures if there is no other associated development or redevelopment.
48. 
"Development permit"
means any permit issued by a county, city or town or other authorized agency for construction, land use, or the alteration of land.
49. 
"Dock"
means, as a general term, a structure or group of structures that provides boat moorage or other uses. A dock may be made up of piers (which are structures on fixed piles) and floats (which float on the water's surface and are typically attached to piles so that they may rise and fall with changes in the water's elevation).
50. 
"Ecological functions" or "shoreline functions"
means the work performed or role played by the physical, chemical, and biological processes and species that contribute to the maintenance of the aquatic and terrestrial environments that constitute the shoreline's natural ecosystem.
51. 
"Ecosystem-wide processes"
means the suite of naturally occurring physical and geologic processes of erosion, transport, and deposition and specific chemical processes that shape landforms within a specific shoreline ecosystem and determine both the types of habitat and the associated ecological functions.
52. 
"Erosion"
means the detachment and movement of soil or rock by water, wind, ice, or gravity.
53. 
"Erosion hazard area"
means those areas that, because of natural characteristics, including vegetative cover, soil texture, slope gradient, rainfall patterns, or human-induced changes to such characteristics, are vulnerable to erosion.
54. 
Exemption. Certain specific developments as listed in WAC 173-27-040 are exempt from the definition of substantial developments and are therefore exempt from the substantial development permit process of the Shoreline Management Act. Exempt development must otherwise comply with applicable provisions of the Act and the local shoreline master program.
55. 
"Fair market value"
of a development is the open market bid price for conducting the work, using the equipment and facilities, and purchase of the goods, services and materials necessary to accomplish the development. This would normally equate to the cost of hiring a contractor to undertake the development from start to finish, including the cost of labor, materials, equipment and facility usage, transportation and contractor overhead and profit. The fair market value of the development shall include the fair market value of any donated, contributed or found labor, equipment, or materials.
56. 
"Feasible"
means, for the purpose of this SMP, that an action, such as a development project, mitigation, or preservation requirement, meets all of the following conditions: (a) the action can be accomplished with technologies and methods that have been used in the past in similar circumstances, or studies or tests have demonstrated in similar circumstances that such approaches are currently available and likely to achieve the intended results; (b) the action provides a reasonable likelihood of achieving its intended purpose; and (c) the action does not physically preclude achieving the project's primary intended legal use. In cases where these guidelines require certain actions, unless they are infeasible, the burden of proving infeasibility is on the applicant. In determining an action's infeasibility, the shoreline administrator may weigh the relative public costs and public benefits, considered in a long-term time frame, as required by RCW 90.58.020(3).
57. 
"Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)"
means the agency that oversees the administration of the National Flood Insurance Program (44 CFR).
58. 
"Fill"
means the addition of soil, sand, rock, gravel, sediment, earth-retaining structure, or other material to an area waterward of the OHWM, in wetlands, or on shoreline areas in a manner that raises the elevation or creates dry land.
59. 
"Fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas"
means areas necessary for maintaining species in suitable habitats within their natural geographic distribution so that isolated subpopulations are not created as designated by WAC 365-190-080(5). Fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas do not include all attributes of shoreline natural character and ecological function as defined in the SMA and this SMP. "Fish and wildlife habitat conservation area" includes:
a. 
Areas within which state and federal endangered and threatened species exist, or state sensitive, candidate, and monitor species have a primary association;
b. 
Priority habitat and species areas identified by the WDFW;
c. 
Habitats and species of local importance that have been designated by the county at the time of application;
d. 
Naturally occurring ponds fewer than 20 acres and their submerged aquatic beds that provide fish or wildlife habitat. These do not include ponds deliberately designed and created from dry sites such as canals, detention facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, farm ponds, temporary construction ponds of less than a three-year duration, and landscape amenities. Naturally occurring ponds may include those artificial ponds intentionally created from dry areas in order to mitigate conversion of ponds, if permitted by a regulatory authority;
e. 
Waters of the state as defined by Chapter 222-16 WAC;
f. 
Lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers planted with game fish by a governmental or tribal entity;
g. 
Areas with which anadromous fish species have a primary association;
h. 
State natural area preserves and natural resources conservation areas.
60. 
"Floating residence"
means a dwelling unit constructed on a float that is moored, anchored, or otherwise secured in water, and is not a vessel even though it may be capable of being towed.
61. 
"Flood" or "flooding"
mean a general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland waters and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation of runoff or surface waters from any source.
62. 
"Flood control"
means any undertaking made for the conveyance, control, and dispersal of floodwaters caused by abnormally high direct precipitation or stream overflow.
63. 
"Flood hazard area"
means any area subject to inundation by the base flood or risk from channel migration, including, but not limited to, an aquatic area, wetland, or closed depression.
64. 
"Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)"
means the official map on which the Federal Insurance Administration has delineated both the areas of special flood hazards and the risk premium zones applicable to counties, city, or town.
65. 
"Flood Insurance Study"
means the official report provided by the Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration that includes the flood profiles, the FIRM, and the water surface elevation of the base flood (44 CFR Part 59).
66. 
"Flood protection elevation"
means an elevation that is one foot or more above the base flood elevation.
67. 
"Floodplain"
is synonymous with 100-year floodplain and means that land area susceptible to inundation with a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The limit of this area shall be based on flood ordinance regulation maps or a reasonable method which meets the objectives of the SMA.
68. 
"Floodway"
means the area, as identified in a master program, that either: (a) has been established in federal emergency management agency flood insurance rate maps or floodway maps; or (b) consists of those portions of a river valley lying streamward from the outer limits of a watercourse upon which flood waters are carried during periods of flooding that occur with reasonable regularity, although not necessarily annually, said floodway being identified, under normal conditions, by changes in surface soil conditions or changes in types or quality of vegetative ground cover condition, topography, or other indicators of flooding that occurs with reasonable regularity, although not necessarily annually. Regardless of the method used to identify the floodway, the floodway shall not include those lands that can reasonably be expected to be protected from flood waters by flood control devices maintained by or maintained under license from the federal government, the state, or a political subdivision of the state;
69. 
"Forest practices"
means an activity related to the growing, protecting, harvesting or processing of forest tree species.
70. 
"Functions" and "values,"
for purposes of applying Article V, Critical Areas, mean the beneficial roles served by critical areas, including, but not limited to, water quality protection and enhancement, fish and wildlife habitat, food chain support, flood storage, conveyance and attenuation, groundwater recharge and discharge, erosion control, and recreation. Functions and values may be considered independently, with functions being measured indicators such as water quality, hydrologic functions, and habitat functions, and values being nonmeasured indicators such as local importance, potential qualities, or recreational benefits.
71. 
"Geologically hazardous areas"
means areas that, because of their susceptibility to erosion, sliding, earthquake, or other geologic events, are not suited to the siting of commercial, residential, or industrial development consistent with public health or safety concerns. Geologically hazardous areas include erosion hazards, landslide hazards, mine hazards, and seismic hazards, as defined herein and specified in CCC § 16.15.550.
72. 
"Geotechnical report" or "geotechnical analysis"
means a scientific study or evaluation conducted by a qualified expert that includes a description of the ground and surface hydrology and geology; the affected landform and its susceptibility to mass wasting, erosion, and other geologic hazards or processes; conclusions and recommendations regarding the effect of the proposed development on geologic conditions; the adequacy of the site to be developed; the impacts of the proposed development; alternative approaches to the proposed development; and measures to mitigate potential site-specific and cumulative geological and hydrological impacts of the proposed development, including the potential adverse impacts on adjacent and down-current properties. Geotechnical reports shall conform to accepted technical standards and must be prepared by qualified professional engineers or geologists who have professional expertise about the regional and local shoreline geology and processes.
73. 
"Grading"
means the human-caused movement or redistribution of the soil, sand, rock, gravel, sediment, or other material on a site in a manner that alters the natural contour of the land.
74. 
"Groin"
means a barrier type of structure extending from the streambank into a water body for the purpose of the protection of a shoreline and adjacent uplands by influencing the movement of water or deposition of materials.
75. 
"Groundwater recharge"
means a hydrologic process where water moves downward from the surface into the groundwater.
76. 
"Guidelines"
means those standards adopted by the department to implement the policy of Chapter 90.58 RCW for regulation of use of the shorelines of the state prior to adoption of SMPs. Such standards shall also provide criteria for local governments and the department in developing and amending SMPs.
77. 
"Hazard areas"
means areas designated as frequently flooded or geologically hazardous areas due to potential for erosion, landslide, seismic activity, mine collapse, or other geologically hazardous conditions, including steep slopes.
78. 
"Hazardous substance(s)"
means all of the following:
a. 
A hazardous substance as defined by Section 101(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act; any substance designated pursuant to Section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Clean Water Act (CWA); any hazardous waste having the characteristics identified under or listed pursuant to Section 3001 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (but not including any waste the regulation of which under the Solid Waste Disposal Act has been suspended by Act of Congress); any toxic pollutant listed under Section 307(a) of the CWA; or any imminently hazardous chemical substance or mixture with respect to which the United States Environmental Protection Agency has taken action pursuant to Section 7 of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
b. 
Hazardous substances that include any liquid, solid, gas, or sludge, including any material, substance, product, commodity, or waste, regardless of quantity, that exhibit any of the physical, chemical, or biological properties described in WAC 173-303-090, 173-303-102, or 173-303-103.
79. 
"Heavy equipment"
means such construction machinery as backhoes, treaded tractors, dump trucks, and front-end loaders.
80. 
"High intensity land use"
means land uses consisting of commercial, urban, industrial, institutional, retail, residential with more than one unit per acre, agricultural (dairies, nurseries, raising and harvesting crops, requiring annual tilling, and raising and maintaining animals), high-intensity recreation (golf courses, ball fields), and hobby farms.
81. 
"Historic site"
means those sites that are eligible or listed on the Washington Heritage Register, National Register of Historic Places or any locally developed and formally adopted historic registry.
82. 
"Hydric soil"
means soil that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper soil horizon(s).
83. 
"Hydraulic project approval (HPA)"
means a permit issued by WDFW for modification to waters of the state in accordance with Chapter 75.20 RCW.
84. 
"Impervious surface area"
means a hard surface area, which either prevents or retards the entry of water into the soil mantle as under natural conditions prior to development. Impervious surface shall also include a hard surface area that causes water to run off the surface in greater quantities or at an increased rate of flow from the flow present under natural conditions prior to development. Common impervious surfaces include rooftops, walkways, patios, driveways, parking lots or storage areas, concrete or asphalt paving, gravel roads with compacted subgrade, packed earthen materials, and oiled, macadam, or other surfaces, which similarly impede the natural infiltration of stormwater. Open, uncovered retention/detention facilities shall not be considered as impervious surfaces.
85. 
"In-stream structures"
function for the impoundment, diversion, or use of water for hydroelectric generation and transmission (including public and private facilities), flood control, irrigation, water supply (domestic and industrial), recreation, or fisheries enhancement.
86. 
"Invasive, nonnative vegetation species"
means the plants listed for Eastern Washington in Washington State Noxious Weed Board Publication No. 820-264E (N/6/09), the latest version of this document, and any other nonnative vegetation, which is not endemic to the southeast Washington coalition ecoregion and which expands into native plant communities (e.g., yellow star-thistle, cheatgrass, and knapweed species).
87. 
"Landslide"
means down slope movement of a mass of soil, rock, snow, or ice, including, but not limited to, rock falls, slumps, mudflows, debris flows, torrents, earth flows, and snow avalanches.
88. 
"Levee"
means a structure, normally of earth or stone, built generally parallel to a river to protect land from flooding. A levee is a complete unit, designed and intended for flood control.
89. 
"Landslide hazard areas"
means those areas potentially subject to landslides based upon a combination of geologic, topographic, and hydrologic factors.
90. 
"Live-aboards"
means a vessel licensed and designed for use as a mobile structure with adequate self-propulsion and steering equipment to be operated as a vessel, but which is principally used as an over-water residence. "Principal use as an over-water residence" means essentially full-time occupancy for a total of more than 60 days, whether or not consecutive, in any calendar year.
91. 
"Low-impact development"
means a land planning and engineering design approach to managing stormwater runoff. Low-impact development emphasizes use of on-site natural features to ameliorate stormwater runoff and protect water quality.
92. 
"Low intensity land use"
includes forestry and open space (such as passive recreation and natural resources preservation).
93. 
"May"
means the action is acceptable, provided it conforms to the provisions of this SMP.
94. 
"Mitigation sequencing"
means the process of avoiding, reducing, or compensating for the adverse environmental impact(s) of a proposal, including the following actions, listed in the order of preference, the first being the most preferred:
a. 
Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an action;
b. 
Where impact on critical areas or their buffers will not be avoided, demonstrating that the impact meets the criteria for granting a shoreline variance or other administratively approved alteration;
c. 
Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its implementation by using appropriate technology or by taking affirmative steps to avoid or reduce impacts;
d. 
Rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the affected environment;
e. 
Reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the life of the action;
f. 
Compensating for the impact by replacing, enhancing, or providing substitute resources or environments;
g. 
Monitoring the impact and the compensation projects and taking appropriate corrective measures.
95. 
"Mixed-use" or "mixed-use development"
means a combination of uses within the same building or site as a part of an integrated development project with functional interrelationships and coherent physical design that includes a mix of water-oriented and non-water-oriented uses.
96. 
"Monitoring"
means the collection of data by various methods for the purpose of understanding natural systems and features, evaluating the impact of development proposals on such systems, and/or assessing the performance of mitigation measures imposed as conditions of development.
97. 
"Must"
means a mandate; the action is required.
98. 
"Native vegetation"
means plant species that are indigenous to the region.
99. 
"New agricultural activities"
are activities that meet the definition of agricultural activities but are proposed on land not in agricultural use at the adoption date of this SMP.
100. 
"New construction"
means structures for which the start of construction commenced on or after the effective date of the ordinance codified in this SMP.
101. 
"Nonconforming use"
means an existing shoreline use that was lawfully established prior to the effective date of the act or the applicable master program, but which does not conform to present use regulations due to subsequent changes to the master program.
102. 
"Nonconforming development" or "nonconforming structure"
means an existing structure that was lawfully constructed at the time it was built but is no longer fully consistent with present regulations such as setbacks, buffers or yards; area; bulk; height or density standards due to subsequent changes to the master program.
103. 
"Nonconforming lot"
means a lot that met dimensional requirements of the applicable master program at the time of its establishment but now contains less than the required width, depth or area due to subsequent changes to the master program.
104. 
"Nonwater-oriented uses"
means those uses that are not water-dependent, water-related, or water-enjoyment.
105. 
"Normal maintenance"
means those usual acts that are necessary to prevent a property's decline, lapse, or cessation from a lawfully established condition. "Normal maintenance of structures" includes interior and exterior activities such as (but not limited to) painting, roof repair and replacement, plumbing, wiring and electrical systems, mechanical equipment replacement, and weatherization. "Normal maintenance" consists of repairs and modification necessary to keep an item in good working order.
106. 
"Normal repair"
means to restore a structure or development to a state comparable to its original condition including, but not limited to, its size, shape, configuration, location, and external appearance, within a reasonable period after decay or partial destruction, except where repair causes substantial adverse impacts on shoreline resources or environment. Replacement of a structure or development may be authorized as repair where such replacement is the common method of repair for the type of structure or development, and the replacement structure or development is comparable to the original structure or development including, but not limited to, its size, shape, configuration, location, and external appearance, and the replacement does not cause substantial adverse impacts on shoreline resources or environment.
107. 
"Ordinary high water mark (OHWM)"
means that mark that will be found by examining the bed and banks and ascertaining where the presence and action of waters are so common and usual, and so long continued in all ordinary years, as to mark upon the soil a character distinct from that of the abutting upland, in respect to vegetation as that condition exists on June 1, 1971, as it may naturally change thereafter in accordance with permits issued by a local government or the department. Where the OHWM cannot be found, it shall be the line of mean high water. For braided streams, the OHWM is found on the banks forming the outer limits of the depression within which the braiding occurs.
108. 
"Practical alternative"
means an alternative that is available and capable of being carried out after taking into consideration cost, existing technology, and logistics in light of overall project purposes and having less impact on critical areas.
109. 
"Primitive trail"
means an unimproved and unpaved but physically defined pathway for nonmotorized movement.
110. 
"Priority habitat"
means a habitat type with unique or significant value to one or more species. An area classified and mapped as priority habitat must have one or more of the following attributes:
a. 
Comparatively high fish or wildlife density;
b. 
Comparatively high fish or wildlife species diversity;
c. 
Fish spawning habitat;
d. 
Important wildlife habitat;
e. 
Important fish or wildlife seasonal range;
f. 
Important fish or wildlife movement corridor;
g. 
Rearing and foraging habitat;
h. 
Refugia habitat;
i. 
Limited availability;
j. 
High vulnerability to habitat alteration;
k. 
Unique or dependent species.
A priority habitat may be described by a unique vegetation type or by a dominant plant species that is of primary importance to fish and wildlife. A priority habitat may also be described by a successional stage (such as old growth and mature forests). Alternatively, a priority habitat may consist of a specific habitat element (such as caves or snags) of key value to fish and wildlife. A priority habitat may contain priority and/or nonpriority fish and wildlife.
111. 
"Priority species"
means species requiring protective measures and/or management guidelines to ensure their persistence at genetically viable population levels. Priority species are those that meet any of the following criteria:
a. 
Criterion 1. State-listed or state-proposed species. State-listed species are those native fish and wildlife species legally designated as endangered (WAC 232-12-014), threatened (WAC 232-12-011), or sensitive (WAC 232-12-011). State-proposed species are those fish and wildlife species that will be reviewed by the WDFW (POL-M-6001) for possible listing as endangered, threatened, or sensitive according to the process and criteria defined in WAC 232-12-297.
b. 
Criterion 2. Vulnerable aggregations. Vulnerable aggregations include those species or groups of animals susceptible to significant population declines, within a specific area or statewide, by virtue of their inclination to congregate.
c. 
Criterion 3. Species of recreational, commercial, and/or tribal importance. Native and nonnative fish and wildlife species of recreational or commercial importance and recognized species used for tribal ceremonial and subsistence purposes that are vulnerable to habitat loss or degradation.
d. 
Criterion 4. Species listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act as either proposed, threatened, or endangered.
112. 
"Provisions"
means any definition, policy, goal, regulation, requirement, standard, authorization, prohibition, guideline criteria, or environment designations.
113. 
"Public access"
means physical and visual access. Public access includes the ability of the general public to reach, touch, and enjoy the water's edge, to travel on the waters of the state, and to view the water and the shoreline from adjacent locations. The following are examples of public access:
a. 
Visual Access. Visual public access may consist of view corridors, viewpoints, or other means of visual approach to public waters.
b. 
Physical Access. Physical public access may consist of a dedication of land or easement and a physical improvement in the form of a walkway, trail, bikeway, park, boat or canoe and kayak launching ramp, dock area, view platform, or other area serving as a means of physical approach to public waters.
114. 
"Public agency"
means every city, county, state, or federal office; every officer; every institution, whether educational, correctional, or other; and every department, division, board, and commission that provides services or recommendations to the public or other such agencies.
115. 
"Public facility"
means any facility, including, but not limited to, buildings, property, recreation areas, and roads, which are owned, leased, or otherwise operated, or funded by a governmental body or public entity.
116. 
"Public utility"
means a public service corporation performing some public service subject to special governmental regulations or a governmental agency performing similar public services, either of which are paid for directly by the recipients thereof. Such services shall include water supply, electric power, gas, and transportation for persons and freight.
117. 
"Qualified professional"
means a person with experience and training in the pertinent discipline, and who is a qualified expert with expertise appropriate for the relevant critical area or shoreline subject. A qualified professional must have obtained a B.S., B.A., or equivalent degree or certification in biology, engineering, environmental studies, fisheries, geomorphology, landscape architecture, forestry or a related field and have two years of related work experience.
a. 
A qualified professional for wildlife, habitats, or wetlands must have a degree in biology, zoology, ecology, fisheries, or a related field and professional experience in Washington State.
b. 
A qualified professional for a geological hazard must be a professional engineer or geologist, licensed in the state of Washington.
c. 
A qualified professional for critical aquifer recharge areas means a hydrogeologist, geologist, engineer, or other scientist with experience in preparing hydrogeologic assessments.
d. 
A qualified professional with flood and CMZ expertise must be a hydrologist or fluvial geomorphologist.
e. 
A qualified professional for vegetation management must be a registered landscape architect, certified arborist, biologist, or professional forester with a corresponding degree or certification.
f. 
A qualified archaeologist must be a person qualified for addressing cultural and historic resources protection and preservation, with a degree in archaeology, anthropology, history, classics, or other germane disciplines with a specialization in archaeology and/or historic preservation and with a minimum of two years of experience in preparing cultural resource site assessment reports.
118. 
"Recreational development"
means the modification of the natural or existing environment to accommodate commercial and public facilities designed and used to provide recreational opportunities to the public. Commercial recreational development should be consistent with commercial development defined herein.
119. 
"Recreational vehicle"
means a vehicle designed primarily for recreational camping, travel, or seasonal use that has its own mode of power or is mounted on or towed by another vehicle, including, but not limited to, travel trailers, folding camping trailers, truck campers, motor homes, motorized boats, and multi-use vehicles or any structure inspected, approved, and designated a recreational vehicle by and bearing the insignia of the state of Washington or any other state or federal agency having the authority to approve recreational vehicles.
120. 
"Research and monitoring"
includes activities associated with identifying, collecting, monitoring, and evaluating scientific data and information to support water, fisheries, and other ecological services management, restoration, and operational activities. Example activities that could be included under this category include installing and operating stream and water quality monitoring gages, collecting fisheries data using a trap or other devices, setting up and using equipment to collect sediment data, and other data collection activities that need to use the shoreline and waters of the state to meet public objectives.
121. 
"Residential development"
entails one or more buildings, structures, lots, parcels, or portions thereof that are designed, used, or intended to be used as a place of abode for human beings. These include single-family residences, residential subdivisions, short residential subdivisions, attached dwellings, and all accessory uses or structures normally associated with residential uses. Accessory residential uses include garages, sheds, tennis courts, swimming pools, parking areas, fences, cabanas, saunas, and guest cottages. Hotels, motels, dormitories, or any other type of overnight or transient housing are excluded from the residential category and must be considered commercial uses depending on project characteristics.
122. 
"Resource agency"
means a federal, state, or interstate agency with responsibilities in the areas of flood control, navigation, irrigation, recreation, fish or wildlife, water resource management, or cultural or other relevant resources of the state in which a project is or will be located.
123. 
"Restore," "restoration," or "ecological restoration"
means the reestablishment or upgrading of impaired natural or enhanced ecological shoreline processes or functions. This may be accomplished through measures including, but not limited to, revegetation, removal of intrusive shoreline structures, and removal or treatment of toxic materials. Restoration does not imply a requirement for returning the shoreline area to pre-aboriginal or pre-European settlement conditions.
124. 
"Riparian"
refers to an area located on the bank or shoreline of stream, river, or lake. Riparian areas are transitional between uplands and waterbodies.
125. 
"Riparian habitat area"
means, for this SMP, the boundary of an area that begins adjacent to a water body (ordinary high water mark or OHWM) and extends to the zone where a noticeable or distinct change in vegetation occurs:[1]
a. 
In the mix of plant species present (e.g., species composition of trees and shrubs) compared to the adjacent upland area (grasses, sagebrush, and lower density forested areas);
b. 
In the physical structure of the plant species present, such as health, vigor, or robustness of growth patterns compared to similar adjacent upland areas. Growth patterns include the health, compactness, crowding, size, structure, and/or numbers of individual plants;
c. 
The upland edge of the riparian area shall be identified as the area where the riparian trees and herbaceous species end and where the upland grasslands, shrub-steppe, or scrub/shrub terrestrial habitat begins.
[1]
This change can often be seen with a change in land use at the edge of a floodplain, where an agricultural use or other land uses/development begins.
126. 
"Salmonid"
means a member of the fish family Salmonidae, including king, Chinook, coho, chum, sockeye, and pink salmon; cutthroat, brook, brown, rainbow, and steelhead trout; kokanee; and native char (bull trout and Dolly Varden).
127. 
"Section 404 permit"
means a permit issued by USACE for the placement of dredge or fill material waterward of the OHWM or clearing in waters of the United States, including wetlands, in accordance with 33 USC Section 1344.
128. 
"Sediment"
means the fine-grained material deposited by water or wind.
129. 
"Seismic hazard areas"
means areas that are subject to severe risk of damage as a result of earthquake-induced ground shaking, slope failure, settlement, or soil liquefaction.
130. 
"Shall"
means a mandate; the action must be done.
131. 
"Shoreline administrator"
means the director of the county's or city's planning and building/development department, the city or town mayor, or their designated representative, who is vested with the duty of administering shoreline master program regulations within each jurisdiction's area of authority.
132. 
"Shoreline areas" and "shoreline jurisdiction"
means all "shorelines of the state" and "shorelands" as defined in RCW 90.58.030.
133. 
"Shoreline environment designation"
means classifications of shoreline areas that reflect local shoreline conditions, including ecological functions and shoreline development. Environment designations provide "the framework for implementing shoreline policies and regulatory measures specific to the environment designation" (WAC 173-26-191(1)(d)).
134. 
"Shoreline master program"
means the comprehensive use plan for a described area and the use regulations together with maps, diagrams, charts, or other descriptive material and text, a statement of desired goals, and standards developed in accordance with the policies enunciated in RCW 90.58.020. As provided in RCW 36.70A.480, the goals and policies of an SMP for a county, city, or town approved under Chapter 90.58 RCW shall be considered an element of the county, city, or town's comprehensive plan. All other portions of the SMP for a county, city, or town adopted under Chapter 90.58 RCW, including use regulations, shall be considered a part of the county, city, or town's development regulations.
135. 
"Shoreline modifications"
means those actions that modify the physical configuration or qualities of the shoreline area, usually through the construction of a physical element such as a dike, breakwater, pier, weir, dredged basin, fill, bulkhead, or other shoreline structure. They can include other actions, such as clearing, grading, or application of chemicals.
136. 
"Shoreline stabilization"
means actions taken to address erosion impacts to property and dwellings, businesses, or structures caused by natural processes such as current, flood, wind, or wave action. These actions include structural and nonstructural methods. Nonstructural methods include building setbacks, relocation of the structure to be protected, groundwater management, and planning and regulatory measures to avoid the need for structural stabilization.
137. 
"Should"
means that the particular action is required unless there is a demonstrated, compelling reason, based on policy of the SMA and this SMP, against taking the action.
138. 
"Significant adverse environmental impacts"
(as used in SEPA) means a reasonable likelihood of more than a moderate adverse impact on environmental quality (WAC 197-11-794).
139. 
"Significant vegetation removal"
means the removal or alteration of trees, shrubs, and/or ground cover by clearing, grading, cutting, burning, chemical means, or other activity that causes significant ecological impacts on functions provided by such vegetation. The removal of invasive or noxious weeds does not constitute significant vegetation removal. Tree pruning, not including tree topping, where it does not affect ecological functions, does not constitute significant vegetation removal.
140. 
"Site assessment requirements"
means requirements for critical area report.
141. 
"Silviculture"
is the art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests and woodlands to meet the diverse needs and values of landowners and society on a sustainable basis.
142. 
"Snag"
means the remaining trunk of a dying, diseased, or dangerous tree that is reduced in height and stripped of all live branches.
143. 
"Special flood hazard area"
means an area subject to a base or 100-year flood; areas of special flood hazard are shown on a flood hazard boundary map or FIRM as Zones A, AO, A1-30, AE, A99, and AH.
144. 
"Species and habitats of local importance"
means those species that may not be endangered, threatened, or critical from a state-wide perspective, but are of local concern due to their population status, sensitivity to habitat manipulation, or other educational, cultural, or historic attributes. These species may be priority habitats, priority species, and those habitats and species identified in the critical areas code as having local importance (e.g., elk).
145. 
"Species, threatened and endangered"
means those native species that are listed by WDFW pursuant to RCW 77.12.070 as threatened (WAC 232-12-011) or endangered (WAC 232-12-014) or that are listed as threatened or endangered under the Federal Endangered Species Act (16 United States Code 1533).
146. 
"Start of construction"
means and includes substantial improvement and means the date the building permit was issued, provided the actual start of construction, repair, reconstruction, placement, or other improvement was within 180 days of the permit issuance date. For cumulative tracking, the permit may extend beyond the specified time frame to the time of permit completion. The "actual start" means either the first placement of permanent construction of a structure on a site such as the pouring of slab or footings, the installation of piles, the construction of columns, or any work beyond the stage of excavation, or the placement of a manufactured home on a foundation. Permanent construction does not include land preparation, such as clearing, grading, and filling, nor does it include the installation of streets and/or walkways, nor does it include excavation for a basement, footings, piers, or foundation or the erection of temporary forms, nor does it include the installation on the property of accessory buildings such as garages or sheds not occupied as dwelling units or not part of the main structure. For a substantial improvement, the actual start of construction means the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural part of a building, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the building.
147. 
"Steep slopes"
means those slopes (excluding county-approved geotechnical engineered slopes) 40 percent or steeper within a vertical elevation change of at least 10 feet. A slope is defined by establishing its toe and top and is measured by averaging the inclination over at least 10 feet of vertical relief.
148. 
"Stream"
means any portion of a channel, bed, bank, or bottom waterward of the OHWM of waters of the state, including areas in which fish may spawn, reside, or pass, and tributary waters with defined bed or banks, which influence the quality of fish habitat downstream. This includes watercourses that flow on an intermittent basis or fluctuate in level during the year and applies to the entire bed of such watercourse whether or not the water is at peak level. This definition does not include irrigation ditches, canals, stormwater runoff devices, or other entirely artificial watercourses, except where they exist in a natural watercourse that has been altered by humans.
149. 
"Structure"
means a permanent or temporary edifice or building, or any piece of work artificially built or composed of parts joined together in some definite manner, whether installed on, above, or below the surface of the ground or water.
150. 
"Substantial damage"
means damage of any origin, including intentional and unintentional demolition, sustained by a structure whereby the cost of restoring the structure to its before-damaged condition would equal or exceed 50 percent of the assessed value of the structure before the damage occurred.
151. 
"Substantial improvement"
means any rehabilitation, repair, reconstruction, addition, or other improvement of a building when the cost of the improvement equals or exceeds 50 percent of the market value of the building before start of construction of the improvement. The term includes buildings that have incurred substantial damage or damage of any origin sustained by a building when the cost of restoring the building to its pre-damaged condition would equal or exceed 50 percent of the market value before the damage occurred. Substantial improvement does not include any project for improvement of a structure to correct existing violations of state or local health, sanitary, or safety code specifications, which have been identified by the local code enforcement official and are the minimum necessary to ensure safe living conditions or any alteration of a historic structure; provided, that the alteration will not preclude the structure's continued designation as a historic structure.
152. 
"Substantially degrade"
means to cause significant ecological impact.
153. 
"Technical interdisciplinary team"
includes representatives from the county, city, and town departments, such as community development, public works, health, and emergency management, as well as resource agency personnel having technical expertise in the subject of interest.
154. 
"Thinning"
means the evenly spaced noncommercial removal of up to 40 percent of trees and woody shrubs.
155. 
"Topping"
means the severing of main trunks or stems of vegetation at any place above 25 percent of the vegetation height.
156. 
"Transportation facilities"
are those structures and developments that provide for the movement of people, goods, and services. These include roads and highways, railroad facilities, bridges, parking facilities, bicycle paths, trails, and other related facilities.
157. 
"Tree removal"
means the removal of a tree, through either direct or indirect actions, including, but not limited to: clearing, damaging, or poisoning resulting in an unhealthy or dead tree; removal of at least half of the live crown; or damage to roots or trunk that is likely to destroy the tree's structural integrity.
158. 
"Trees"
means any living woody plant characterized by one main stem or trunk and many branches and having a diameter of four inches or more, measured 24 inches above ground level.
159. 
"Unavoidable"
means adverse impacts that remain after all appropriate and practicable avoidance and minimization have been achieved.
160. 
"Utility"
means a service and/or facility that produces, transmits, carries, stores, processes, or disposes of electrical power, gas, potable water, stormwater, communications (including, but not limited to, telephone and cable), sewage, oil, and the like.
161. 
"Variance"
is a means to grant relief from the specific bulk, dimensional or performance standards set forth in the applicable master program and not a means to vary a use of a shoreline.
162. 
"Vegetation"
means plant life growing below, at, and above the soil surface.
163. 
"Vegetation alteration"
means any clearing, grading, cutting, topping, limbing, or pruning of vegetation.
164. 
"Water-dependent use"
means a use or portion of a use that cannot exist in a location that is not adjacent to the water and that is dependent on the water by reason of the intrinsic nature of its operations.
165. 
"Water-enjoyment use"
means a recreational use or other use that facilitates public access to the shoreline as a primary characteristic of the use or a use that provides for recreational use or aesthetic enjoyment of the shoreline for a substantial number of people as a general characteristic of the use, and which through location, design, and operation ensures the public's ability to enjoy the physical and aesthetic qualities of the shoreline. In order to qualify as a water enjoyment use, the use must be open to the general public and the shoreline-oriented space within. The project must be devoted to the specific aspects of the use that foster shoreline enjoyment.
166. 
"Water-oriented use"
means a use that is water-dependent, water-related, or water-enjoyment, or a combination of such uses.
167. 
"Water quality"
means the physical characteristics of water within shoreline jurisdiction, including water quantity and hydrological, physical, chemical, aesthetic, recreation-related, and biological characteristics. Where used in this SMP, the term "water quantity" refers only to development and uses regulated under this SMP and affecting water quantity such as impermeable surfaces and stormwater handling practices. Water quantity, for purposes of this SMP, does not mean the withdrawal of groundwater or diversion of surface water pursuant to RCW 90.03.250 through 90.03.340.
168. 
"Water-related use"
means a use or portion of a use which is not intrinsically dependent on a waterfront location but whose economic viability is dependent upon a waterfront location because of one of the following scenarios:
a. 
The use has a functional requirement for a waterfront location such as the arrival or shipment of materials by water or the need for large quantities of water.
b. 
The use provides a necessary service supportive of the water-dependent uses, and the proximity of the use to its customers makes its services less expensive and/or more convenient.
169. 
"Water resources inventory area (WRIA)"
means one of 62 watersheds in the state of Washington, each composed of the drainage areas of a stream or streams, as established in Chapter 173-500 WAC as it existed on January 1, 1997.
170. 
"Weir"
means a structure generally built perpendicular to the shoreline for the purpose of diverting water or trapping sediment or other moving objects transported by water.
171. 
"Wetlands"
are areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support and that under normal circumstances do support a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. Wetlands do not include those artificial wetlands intentionally created from nonwetland sites, including, but not limited to, irrigation and drainage ditches, grass-lined swales, canals, detention facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, farm ponds, and landscape amenities, or those wetlands created after July 1, 1990, that were unintentionally created as a result of the construction of a road, street, or highway. Wetlands may include those artificial wetlands intentionally created from nonwetland areas to mitigate the conversion of wetlands.
(Ord. 2016-02; Ord. 2023-02 § 2 (Exh. 1))
A. 
Asotin County. Asotin County, WA. List covers plants found in Asotin County. Combination of plant lists of areas within Asotin County, with the addition of names of plants in the UW and WSU herbariums that were collected in Asotin County. 607 spp., 88 introduced. List prepared by Don Knoke, 2004.
* – Introduced
Vascular Plant List
Asotin County
Scientific Name
Common Name
Family Name
Abies grandis
Grand fir
Pinaceae
Abies lasiocarpa
Sub-alpine fir
Pinaceae
Acer glabrum
Douglas maple
Aceraceae
Acer negundo*
Box elder
Aceraceae
Acer saccharinum*
Norway maple
Aceraceae
Aconitum columbianum
Monkshood
Ranunculaceae
Adenocaulon bicolor
Pathfinder
Asteraceae
Adiantum pedatum
Maidenhair fern
Polypodiaceae
Agastache urticifolia
Nettle-leaf horse-mint
Lamiaceae
Agoseris heterophylla
Annual agoseris
Asteraceae
Agropyron caninum
Bearded wheatgrass
Poaceae
Agropyron spicatum
Blue-bunch wheatgrass
Poaceae
Agrostis interrupta*
Interrupted apera
Poaceae
Allium acuminatum
Taper-tip onion
Liliaceae
Allium brandegei
Brandegee onion
Liliaceae
Allium douglasii
Douglas' onion
Liliaceae
Allium fibrillum
Fringed onion
Liliaceae
Allium tolmiei
Tolmie's onion
Liliaceae
Alnus rhombifolia
White alder
Betulaceae
Alnus sinuata
Sitka alder
Betulaceae
Alopecurus aequalis
Short-awned foxtail
Poaceae
Alyssum alyssoides*
Pale alyssum
Brassicaceae
Amelanchier alnifolia
Serviceberry
Rosaceae
Amsinckia intermedia
Fireweed fiddleneck
Boraginaceae
Amsinckia lycopsoides
Bugloss fiddleneck
Boraginaceae
Amsinckia retrorsa
Rigid fiddleneck
Boraginaceae
Amsinckia tessellata
Devil's lettuce
Boraginaceae
Anemone piperi
Piper's anemone
Ranunculaceae
Antennaria anaphaloides
Tall pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria dimorpha
Low pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria luzuloides
Woodrush pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria microphylla
Rosy pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria pulcherrima
Showy pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Apocynum androsaemifolium
Spreading dogbane
Apocynaceae
Aquilegia formosa
Red columbine
Ranunculaceae
Arabis crucisetosa
Wet-soil rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis cusickii
Cusick's rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis glabra
Tower mustard
Brassicaceae
Arabis hirsuta
Hairy rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis holboellii
Holboell's rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis microphylla
Small-leaf rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis sparsiflora
Sicklepod rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arenaria congesta
Dense-flowered sandwort
Caryophyllaceae
Arenaria macrophylla
Big-leaf sandwort
Caryophyllaceae
Arenaria serpyllifolia*
Thyme-leaf sandwort
Caryophyllaceae
Aristida longiseta
Red three-awn
Poaceae
Arnica cordifolia
Heart-leaf arnica
Asteraceae
Arnica fulgens
Hillside arnica
Asteraceae
Arnica sororia
Twin arnica
Asteraceae
Artemisia ludoviciana
Western mugwort
Asteraceae
Artemisia rigida
Stiff sagebrush
Asteraceae
Artemisia tridentata
Big sagebrush
Asteraceae
Asclepias fascicularis
Mexican milkweed
Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias speciosa
Showy milkweed
Asclepiadaceae
Aster foliaceus
Leafy aster
Asteraceae
Aster lanceolatus
White-panicle aster
Asteraceae
Aster occidentalis
Western aster
Asteraceae
Aster pansus
Wreath aster
Asteraceae
Astragalus arthurii
Waha milkvetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus beckwithii
Beckwith's aster
Fabaceae
Astragalus canadensis
Canada milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus collinus
Hillside milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus cusickii
Cusick's milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus inflexus
Bent milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus lentiginosus
Specklepod milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus purshii
Pursh's milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus reventus
Blue Mtn. milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Balsamorhiza hirsuta
Hairy balsamroot
Asteraceae
Balsamorhiza incana
Hoary balsamroot
Asteraceae
Balsamorhiza sagittata
Arrow-leaf balsamroot
Asteraceae
Balsamorhiza serrata
Toothed balsamroot
Asteraceae
Barbarea orthoceras
American wintercress
Brassicaceae
Berberis repens
Creeping Oregongrape
Berberidaceae
Besseya rubra
Red besseya
Scrophulariaceae
Betula occidentalis
Water birch
Betulaceae
Betula papyrifera
Paper birch
Betulaceae
Bidens frondosa
Leafy beggar-ticks
Asteraceae
Bidens vulgata
Tall beggar-ticks
Asteraceae
Blepharipappus scaber
Blepharipappus
Asteraceae
Bolandra oregana
Bolandra
Saxifragaceae
Brickellia grandiflora
Large-flowered brickellia
Asteraceae
Brickellia microphylla
Small-leaved brickellia
Asteraceae
Brodiaea douglasii
Douglas' brodiaea
Liliaceae
Bromus brizaeformis*
Rattlesnake grass
Poaceae
Bromus carinatus
California brome
Poaceae
Bromus commutatus*
Common chess
Poaceae
Bromus japonicus*
Japanese brome
Poaceae
Bromus mollis*
Soft brome
Poaceae
Bromus rigidus*
Ripgut brome
Poaceae
Bromus secalinus*
Chess
Poaceae
Bromus sterilis*
Barren brome
Poaceae
Bromus tectorum*
Cheat grass
Poaceae
Calochortus elegans
Northwest mariposa
Liliaceae
Calochortus eurycarpus
Wide-fruit mariposa
Liliaceae
Calochortus macrocarpus
Sagebrush mariposa
Liliaceae
Calypso bulbosa
Fairy slipper
Orchidaceae
Camassia quamash
Common camas
Liliaceae
Camelina microcarpa*
Hairy false-flax
Brassicaceae
Capsella bursa-pastoris*
Shepherd's purse
Brassicaceae
Cardamine cordifolia
Large mountain bittercress
Brassicaceae
Carex athrostachya
Slender-beak sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex bolanderi
Bolander's sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex concinnoides
Northwest sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex deweyana
Dewey's sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex douglasii
Douglas' sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex hystricina
Porcupine sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex lenticularis
Lenticular sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex microptera
Small-winged sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex pachystachya
Pachystachy sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex petasata
Liddon's sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex stipata
Sawbeak sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex subfusca
Rusty sedge
Cyperaceae
Castilleja applegatei
Wavy-leaved paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Castilleja cusickii
Cusick's paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Castilleja hispida
Harsh paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Castilleja lutescens
Green paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Castilleja miniata
Scarlet paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Ceanothus velutinus
Snowbrush
Rhamnaceae
Celtis reticulata
Hackberry
Ulmaceae
Centaurea cyanus*
Batchelor button
Asteraceae
Centaurea solstitialis*
Yellow starthistle
Asteraceae
Cerastium arvense
Field chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium viscosum*
Sticky chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium vulgatum*
Mouse-ear chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Cercocarpus ledifolius
Curl-leaf mountain-mohogany
Rosaceae
Chaenactis douglasii
Dusty maidens
Asteraceae
Cheilanthes feei
Fee's lip-fern
Polypodiaceae
Cheilanthes gracillima
Lace fern
Polypodiaceae
Chenopodium album*
Pigweed
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium botrys*
Jerusalem oak
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium hybridum
Sowbane
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium pumilio*
Clammy goosefoot
Chenopodiaceae
Chimaphila menziesii
Little pipsissewa
Ericaceae
Chimaphila umbellata
Pipsissewa
Ericaceae
Chorispora tenella*
Blue mustard
Brassicaceae
Chrysopsis villosa
Hairy golden-aster
Asteraceae
Circaea alpina
Enchanter's nightshade
Onagraceae
Cirsium brevifolium
Palouse thistle
Asteraceae
Cirsium undulatum
Wavy-leaved thistle
Asteraceae
Clarkia pulchella
Ragged Robin
Onagraceae
Claytonia lanceolata
Western spring beauty
Portulacaceae
Claytonia parviflora
Streambank spring beauty
Portulacaceae
Claytonia rubra
Red miner's lettuce
Portulacaceae
Clematis columbiana
Columbia virgin's bower
Ranunculaceae
Clematis ligusticifolia
Virgin's bower
Ranunculaceae
Cleome lutea
Yellow bee-plant
Capparidaceae
Clintonia uniflora
Queen's cup
Liliaceae
Collinsia parviflora
Small-flowered blue-eyed Mary
Scrophulariaceae
Collomia grandiflora
Large-flowered collomia
Polemoniaceae
Collomia linearis
Narrow-leaf collomia
Polemoniaceae
Conium maculatum*
Poison hemlock
Apiaceae
Convolvulus arvensis*
Field morning-glory
Convolvulaceae
Corallorhiza maculata
Spotted coral-root
Orchidaceae
Corallorhiza striata
Striped coral-root
Orchidaceae
Cordylanthus capitatus
Yakima birdbeak
Scrophulariaceae
Corispermum hyssopifolium*
Common bugseed
Chenopodiaceae
Cornus stolonifera
Red-osier dogwood
Cornaceae
Corydalis aurea
Golden corydalis
Fumariaceae
Crataegus columbiana
Columbia hawthorn
Rosaceae
Crepis acuminata
Tapertip hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Crepis atrabarba
Slender hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Crepis bakeri
Baker's hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Crepis intermedia
Gray hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Crepis occidentalis
Western hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Cryptantha celosioides
Northern cryptantha
Boraginaceae
Cryptantha intermedia
Common cryptantha
Boraginaceae
Cymopteris terebinthinus
Turpentine spring-parsley
Apiaceae
Cynoglossum officinale*
Common hound's-tongue
Boraginaceae
Cyperus aristatus
Awned flatsedge
Cyperaceae
Cyperus bipartitus
Shining flatsedge
Cyperaceae
Cyperus esculentus*
Yellow flatsedge
Cyperaceae
Cyperus strigosus
Straw-colored flatsedge
Cyperaceae
Cypripedium montanum
Mountain lady's-slipper
Orchidaceae
Cystopteris fragilis
Fragile fern
Polypodiaceae
Danthonia californica
California oatgrass
Poaceae
Danthonia intermedia
Timber oatgrass
Poaceae
Danthonia unispicata
Few-flowered wild oatgrass
Poaceae
Datura stramonium*
Jimson-weed
Solanaceae
Delphinium andersonii
Desert larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium bicolor
Montana larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium burkei
Meadow larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium depauperatum
Dwarf larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium distichum
Two-spike larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium menziesii
Mountain larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium multiplex
Kittitas larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium nuttallianum
Upland larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Deschampsia danthonioides
Annual hairgrass
Poaceae
Deschampsia elongata
Slender hairgrass
Poaceae
Descurainia pinnata
Western tansymustard
Brassicaceae
Descurainia richardsonii
Mountain tansymustard
Brassicaceae
Dicentra cucullaria
Dutchman's breeches
Fumariaceae
Dicentra uniflora
Steer's head
Fumariaceae
Disporum trachycarpum
Sierra fairy-bell
Liliaceae
Dodecatheon conjugens
Desert shooting star
Primulaceae
Dodecatheon cusickii
Cusick's shooting star
Primulaceae
Dodecatheon pulchellum
Few-flowered shooting star
Primulaceae
Draba cuneifolia
Wedge-leaved draba
Brassicaceae
Draba reptans
Carolina draba
Brassicaceae
Draba verna
Spring whitlow-grass
Brassicaceae
Dracocephalum parviflorum
American dragonhead
Lamiaceae
Echinocystis lobata
Balsam apple
Cucurbitaceae
Eleocharis bella
Delicate spike-rush
Cyperaceae
Eleocharis palustris
Common spike-rush
Cyperaceae
Eleocharis pauciflora
Few-flowered spike-rush
Cyperaceae
Elymus glaucus
Western ryegrass
Poaceae
Epilobium alpinum
Alpine willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium glandulosum
Common willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium paniculatum
Tall annual willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium watsonii
Watson's willow-herb
Onagraceae
Equisetum arvense
Common horsetail
Equisetaceae
Eragrostis cilianensis*
Stinkgrass
Poaceae
Eragrostis hypnoides
Creeping eragrostis
Poaceae
Eragrostis pectinacea
Purple lovegrass
Poaceae
Erigeron corymbosus
Long-leaf fleabane
Asteraceae
Erigeron disparipilus
Snake River daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron divergens
Spreading daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron eatonii
Eaton's daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron linearis
Desert yellow daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron philadelphicus
Philadelphia daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron pumilus
Shaggy fleabane
Asteraceae
Eriogonum compositum
Northern buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum flavum
Yellow buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum heracleoides
Parsnip-flowered buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum microthecum
Slender buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum thymoides
Thyme-leaf buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum umbellatum
Sulfur buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriophyllum lanatum
Oregon sunshine
Asteraceae
Erodium cicutarium*
Filaree
Geraniaceae
Erysimum asperum
Rough wallflower
Brassicaceae
Erysimum repandum*
Spreading wallflower
Brassicaceae
Erythronium grandiflorum
Glacier lily
Liliaceae
Euphorbia spathulata
Spatulate-leaf spurge
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia supina*
Milk spurge
Euphorbiaceae
Festuca idahoensis
Blue bunchgrass
Poaceae
Festuca myuros*
Rat-tail fescue
Poaceae
Festuca occidentalis
Western fescue
Poaceae
Festuca octoflora
Slender fescue
Poaceae
Festuca rubra
Red fescue
Poaceae
Floerkea proserpinacoides
False mermaid
Limnanthaceae
Fragaria vesca
Wild strawberry
Rosaceae
Fragaria virginiana
Woods strawberry
Rosaceae
Frasera albicaulis
Columbia frasera
Gentianaceae
Frasera fastigiata
Clustered frasera
Gentianaceae
Fritillaria pudica
Yellow bell
Liliaceae
Gaillardia aristata
Blanket-flower
Asteraceae
Galium aparine
Cleavers
Rubiaceae
Galium bifolium
Low mountain bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium boreale
Northern bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium multiflorum
Shrubby bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium serpenticum
Intermountain bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium triflorum
Fragrant bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Gaultheria shallon
Salal
Ericaceae
Geranium carolinianum
Wild geranium
Geraniaceae
Geranium pusillum*
Small flowered crane's-bill
Geraniaceae
Geranium viscosissimum
Sticky geranium
Geraniaceae
Geum macrophyllum
Large-leaved avens
Rosaceae
Geum triflorum
Prairie smoke
Rosaceae
Gilia aggregata
Skyrocket
Polemoniaceae
Glossopetalon nevadense
Spiny green-bush
Celastraceae
Glyceria striata
Fowl mannagrass
Poaceae
Glycyrrhiza lepidota
Licorice-root
Fabaceae
Gutierrezia sarothrae
Match weed
Asteraceae
Habenaria dilatata
White bog-orchid
Orchidaceae
Hackelia hispida
Rough stickseed
Boraginaceae
Hackelia micrantha
Blue stickseed
Boraginaceae
Haplopappus carthamoides
Large-flowered goldenweed
Asteraceae
Helianthella uniflora
Little-sunflower
Asteraceae
Helianthus tuberosus*
Jerusalum artichoke
Asteraceae
Hemicarpha micrantha
Small-flowered hemicarpha
Cyperaceae
Hesperochiron pumilis
Dwarf hesperochiron
Hydrophyllaceae
Heuchera cylindrica
Lava alumroot
Saxifragaceae
Hieracium cynoglossoides
Hounds-tongue hawkweed
Asteraceae
Holodiscus discolor
Ocean spray
Rosaceae
Holosteum umbellatum*
Jagged chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Hordeum brachyantherum
Meadow barley
Poaceae
Hordeum geniculatum*
Seaside barley
Poaceae
Hordeum murinum*
Wall barley
Poaceae
Hutchinsia procumbens
Hutchinsia
Brassicaceae
Hydrophyllum capitatum
Woolly breeches
Hydrophyllaceae
Hypericum perforatum*
Klamath weed
Hypericaceae
Iliamna rivularis
Streambank globemallow
Malvaceae
Iris missouriensis
Western blue flag
Iridaceae
Iva axillaris
Poverty weed
Asteraceae
Iva xanthifolia
Tall marsh-elder
Asteraceae
Juncus balticus
Baltic rush
Juncaceae
Juncus bufonius*
Toad rush
Juncaceae
Juncus effusus
Soft rush
Juncaceae
Juncus ensifolius
Daggerleaf rush
Juncaceae
Juncus orthophyllus
Straight-leaf rush
Juncaceae
Juncus tenuis
Slender rush
Juncaceae
Juniperus occidentalis
Western juniper
Cupressaceae
Koeleria cristata
Prairie junegrass
Poaceae
Lactuca serriola*
Prickly lettuce
Asteraceae
Lagophylla ramosissima
Common hareleaf
Asteraceae
Lamium amplexicaule*
Henbit
Lamiaceae
Lappula redowskii
Western stickseed
Boraginaceae
Lathyrus nevadensis
Nuttall's peavine
Fabaceae
Lathyrus pauciflorus
Few-flowered peavine
Fabaceae
Lepidium densiflorum
Common pepperweed
Brassicaceae
Lepidium perfoliatum*
Clasping peppergrass
Brassicaceae
Lepidium virginicum*
Tall pepperweed
Brassicaceae
Lesquerella douglasii
Columbia bladderpod
Brassicaceae
Lewisia pygmaea
Dwarf lewisia
Portulacaceae
Lewisia triphylla
Three-leaf lewisia
Portulacaceae
Linanthus harknessii
Harkness' linanthus
Polemoniaceae
Linaria dalmatica*
Dalmatian toad-flax
Scrophulariaceae
Linum perenne
Wild blue-flax
Linaceae
Listera caurina
Northwestern twayblade
Orchidaceae
Lithophragma glabrum
Smooth woodland-star
Saxifragaceae
Lithophragma parviflorum
Small-flowered prairie-star
Saxifragaceae
Lithophragma tenellum
Slender fringecup
Saxifragaceae
Lithospermum arvense*
Corn gromwell
Boraginaceae
Lithospermum ruderale
Columbia puccoon
Boraginaceae
Lomatium ambiguum
Swale desert-parsley
Apiaceae
Lomatium bicolor
Slender-fruit lomatium
Apiaceae
Lomatium canbyi
Canby's desert-parsley
Apiaceae
Lomatium cous
Cous biscuit-root
Apiaceae
Lomatium dissectum
Fern-leaf biscuit-root
Apiaceae
Lomatium farinosum
Coeur d'Alene desert-parsley
Apiaceae
Lomatium gormanii
Gorman's desert-parsley
Apiaceae
Lomatium grayi
Gray's desert-parsley
Apiaceae
Lomatium macrocarpum
Large-fruited lomatium
Apiaceae
Lomatium rollinsii
Rollins' lomatium
Apiaceae
Lomatium serpentinum
Snake Canyon lomatium
Apiaceae
Lomatium triternatum
Nine-leaf lomatium
Apiaceae
Lonicera ciliosa
Orange honeysuckle
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera utahensis
Utah honeysuckle
Caprifoliaceae
Lotus purshianus
Spanish clover
Fabaceae
Lupinus caudatus
Tailcup lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus laxiflorus
Spurred lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus lepidus
Prairie lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus leucophyllus
Velvet lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus microcarpus
Chick lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus saxosus
Rock lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus sericeus
Silky lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus sulphureus
Sulphur lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus wyethii
Wyeth's lupine
Fabaceae
Luzula campestris
Field woodrush
Juncaceae
Lycopus asper
Rough bugleweed
Lamiaceae
Machaeranthera canescens
Hoary aster
Asteraceae
Maclura pomifera*
Hedge apple
Moraceae
Madia citriodora
Lemon-scented tarweed
Asteraceae
Madia glomerata
Mountain tarweed
Asteraceae
Madia gracilis
Common tarweed
Asteraceae
Malva neglecta*
Dwarf mallow
Malvaceae
Marsilea vestita
Clover fern
Marsileaceae
Melica spectabilis
Showy onion-grass
Poaceae
Melica subulata
Alaska onion-grass
Poaceae
Mentha arvensis
Field mint
Lamiaceae
Mentzelia dispersa
Bushy mentzelia
Loasaceae
Mentzelia laevicaulis
Blazingstar
Loasaceae
Mertensia longiflora
Small bluebells
Boraginaceae
Mertensia paniculata
Tall bluebells
Boraginaceae
Microseris lindleyi
Lindley's microseris
Asteraceae
Microseris nutans
Nodding microseris
Asteraceae
Microseris troximoides
Wavyleaf microseris
Asteraceae
Microsteris gracilis
Pink microsteris
Polemoniaceae
Mimulus breviflorus
Short-flowered monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus floribundus
Purple-stem monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus guttatus
Common monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus moschatus
Musk-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus nanus
Dwarf purple monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus washingtonensis
Washington monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mitella pentandra
Alpine mitrewort
Saxifragaceae
Mitella stauropetala
Cross-shaped mitrewort
Saxifragaceae
Monardella odoratissima
Mountain monardella
Lamiaceae
Montia arenicola
Sand montia
Portulacaceae
Montia chamissoi
Water montia
Portulacaceae
Montia linearis
Narrow-leaf montia
Portulacaceae
Montia perfoliata
Miner's lettuce
Portulacaceae
Montia sibirica
Candyflower
Portulacaceae
Morus alba*
White mulberry
Moraceae
Myosotis discolor*
Yellow and blue forget-me-not
Boraginaceae
Myosotis laxa
Small-flowered forget-me-not
Boraginaceae
Myosotis micrantha*
Blue forget-me-not
Boraginaceae
Navarretia divaricata
Mountain navarretia
Polemoniaceae
Nemophila breviflora
Great Basin nemophila
Hydrophyllaceae
Nemophila kirtleyi
Kirtley's nemophila
Hydrophyllaceae
Nemophila parviflora
Small-flowered nemophila
Hydrophyllaceae
Nepeta cataria*
Catnip
Lamiaceae
Oenothera caespitosa
Desert rockrose
Onagraceae
Oenothera pallida
White-stemmed e-p
Onagraceae
Oenothera subacaulis
Long-leaf evening-primrose
Onagraceae
Onopordum acanthium*
Scotch thistle
Asteraceae
Opuntia polyacantha
Prickly pear
Cactaceae
Orobanche fasciculata
Clustered broomrape
Orobanchaceae
Orobanche ludoviciana
Flat-topped broomrape
Orobanchaceae
Orobanche uniflora
Naked broomrape
Orobanchaceae
Orogenia linearifolia
Great Basin orogenia
Apiaceae
Orthocarpus hispidus
Hairy owl-clover
Scrophulariaceae
Orthocarpus tenuifolius
Thin-leaved owl-clover
Scrophulariaceae
Osmorhiza chilensis
Mountain sweet-cicely
Apiaceae
Osmorhiza occidentalis
Western sweet-cicely
Apiaceae
Oxalis stricta
Upright yellow wood-sorrel
Oxalidaceae
Pachistima myrsinites
Mountain box
Celastraceae
Paeonia brownii
Wild peony
Paeoniaceae
Panicum scribnerianum
Scribner witchgrass
Poaceae
Papsulum distichum
Knotgrass
Poaceae
Parietaria pensylvanica
Pellitory
Urticaceae
Paspalum distichum
Knotgrass
Poaceae
Pedicularis bracteosa
Bracted lousewort
Scrophulariaceae
Pedicularis contorta
Coiled lousewort
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon attenuatus
Sulfur penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon confertus
Yellow penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon deustus
Hot-rock penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon diphyllus
Two-leaf penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon eriantherus
Fuzzy beardtongue
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon fruticosus
Shrubby penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon glandulosus
Glandular penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon pennellianus
Blue Mountain penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon rydbergii
Rydberg's penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon venustus
Blue mountain penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Perideridia gairdneri
Yampah
Apiaceae
Petalostemon ornatum
Western prairie-clover
Fabaceae
Petrophytum caespitosum
Rocky Mtn. rockmat
Rosaceae
Phacelia hastata
White-leaf phacelia
Hydrophyllaceae
Phacelia heterophylla
Varileaf phacelia
Hydrophyllaceae
Phacelia linearis
Thread-leaf phacelia
Hydrophyllaceae
Philadelphus lewisii
Mock-orange
Hydrangeaceae
Phlox caespitosa
Tufted phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phlox colubrina
Snake River phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phlox longifolia
Long-leaf phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phlox speciosa
Showy phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phlox viscida
Sticky phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides
Daggerpod
Brassicaceae
Physalis longifolia
Long-leaved ground-cherry
Solanaceae
Physaria oregana
Oregon twinpod
Brassicaceae
Physocarpus malvaceus
Mallow ninebark
Rosaceae
Picea engalmannii
Engelmann spruce
Pinaceae
Plagiobothrys hispidus
Bristly popcorn-flower
Boraginaceae
Plagiobothrys scouleri
Scouler's popcorn-flower
Boraginaceae
Plagiobothrys tenellus
Slender popcorn-flower
Boraginaceae
Plantago patagonica
Candleweed
Plantaginaceae
Plectritis macrocera
White plectritus
Valerianaceae
Poa bulbosa*
Bulbous bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa cusickii
Cusick's bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa fendleriana
Longtongue muttongrass
Poaceae
Poa leibergii
Leiberg's bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa nervosa
Wheeler's bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa pratensis*
Kentucky bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa sandbergii
Sandberg's bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa secunda
Merrill's bluegrass
Poaceae
Polemonium californicum
California Jacob's-ladder
Polemoniaceae
Polemonium micranthum
Littlebells polemonium
Polemoniaceae
Polemonium pulcherrimum
Showy Jacob's ladder
Polemoniaceae
Polygonum bistortoides
Mountain bistort
Polygonaceae
Polygonum coccineum
Swamp persicaria
Polygonaceae
Polygonum convolvulus*
Black bindweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum douglasii
Douglas' knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum majus
Wiry knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum minimum
Leafy dwarf knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum polygaloides
White-margined knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polypogon monspeilensis*
Rabbitsfoot grass
Poaceae
Potentilla arguta
Tall cinquefoil
Rosaceae
Potentilla biennis
Biennial cinquefoil
Rosaceae
Potentilla glandulosa
Sticky cinquefoil
Rosaceae
Potentilla gracilis
Graceful cinquefoil
Rosaceae
Potentilla recta*
Erect cinquefoil
Rosaceae
Prunus cerasifera*
Cherry plum
Rosaceae
Prunus emarginata
Bitter cherry
Rosaceae
Prunus virginiana
Chokecherry
Rosaceae
Psoralea lanceolata
Dune scurf-pea
Fabaceae
Pteridium aquilinum
Bracken
Polypodiaceae
Puccinellia pauciflora
Weak alkaligrass
Poaceae
Pyrola secunda
One-sided wintergreen
Ericaceae
Ranunculus acris*
Meadow buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus aquatilis
Water buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus cymbalaria
Shore buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus glaberrimus
Sagebrush buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus orthorhynchus
Straight-beak buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus uncinatus
Little buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Rhus glabra
Sumac
Anacardiaceae
Rhus radicans
Poison ivy
Anacardiaceae
Ribes aureum
Golden currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes cereum
Wax currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes irriguum
Idaho gooseberry
Grossulariaceae
Ribes lacustre
Prickly currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes niveum
Snow gooseberry
Grossulariaceae
Ribes oxyacanthoides
Northern gooseberry
Grossulariaceae
Ribes triste
Wild red currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes velutinum
Gooding's gooseberry
Grossulariaceae
Ribes viscosissimum
Sticky currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes wolfii
Wolf's current
Grossulariaceae
Rorippa curvisiliqua
Western yellowcress
Brassicaceae
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum*
Water cress
Brassicaceae
Rosa gymnocarpa
Baldhip rose
Rosaceae
Rosa nutkana
Nootka rose
Rosaceae
Rosa woodsii
Wood's rose
Rosaceae
Rubus leucodermis
Blackcap
Rosaceae
Rubus parviflorus
Thimbleberry
Rosaceae
Rumex acetosella*
Sheep sorrel
Polygonaceae
Rumex crispus*
Sour dock
Polygonaceae
Rumex patientia*
Patience dock
Polygonaceae
Rumex venosus
Winged dock
Polygonaceae
Sagina saginoides
Alpine pearlwort
Caryophyllaceae
Salix amygdaloides
Peachleaf willow
Salicaceae
Salix exigua
Coyote willow
Salicaceae
Salix rigida
Mackenzie willow
Salicaceae
Salix scouleriana
Scouler willow
Salicaceae
Sambucus cerulea
Blue elderberry
Caprifoliaceae
Sanguisorba minor*
Small burnet
Rosaceae
Sanguisorba occidentalis
Annual burnet
Rosaceae
Saponaria officinalis*
Bouncing Bett
Caryophyllaceae
Saxifraga arguta
Brook saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga integrifolia
Grassland saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga mertensiana
Merten's saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga nidifica
Nesting saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga occidentalis
Western saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Scirpus americanus
Three-square bulrush
Cyperaceae
Scirpus microcarpus
Small-flowered bulrush
Cyperaceae
Scirpus pallidus
Pale bulrush
Cyperaceae
Scirpus validus
Soft-stem bulrush
Cyperaceae
Scleranthus annuus*
Annual knawel
Caryophyllaceae
Sclerochloa dura*
Hardgrass
Poaceae
Scutellaria angustifolia
Narrow-leaved skullcap
Lamiaceae
Scutellaria antirrhinoides
Snapdragon skullcap
Lamiaceae
Secaule cereale*
Rye
Poaceae
Sedum leibergii
Leiberg's stonecrop
Crassulaceae
Sedum stenopetalum
Worm-leaf stonecrop
Crassulaceae
Selaginella wallacei
Wallace's selaginella
Selaginellaceae
Senecio canus
Woolly groundsel
Asteraceae
Senecio crassulus
Thick-leaf groundsel
Asteraceae
Senecio foetidus
Sweet-marsh butterweed
Asteraceae
Senecio integerrimus
Western groundsel
Asteraceae
Setaria viridis*
Green foxtail
Poaceae
Sidalcea oregana
Oregon checkermallow
Malvaceae
Silene antirrhina*
Sleepy catchfly
Caryophyllaceae
Silene conoidea
Conoid catchfly
Caryophyllaceae
Silene oregana
Oregon silene
Caryophyllaceae
Sisymbrium altissimum*
Jim Hill mustard
Brassicaceae
Sisyrinchium inflatum
Purple-eyed grass
Iridaceae
Sitanion jubatum
Big squirreltail
Poaceae
Smilacina racemosa
False Solomon's seal
Liliaceae
Smilacina stellata
Star-flowered Solomon's seal
Liliaceae
Solanum americanum*
American black nightshade
Solanaceae
Solanum sarrachoides
Hairy nightshade
Solanaceae
Solidago gigantea
Late goldenrod
Asteraceae
Solidago occidentalis
Western goldenrod
Asteraceae
Sonchus asper*
Prickly sowthistle
Asteraceae
Sorbus scopulina
Cascade mountain-ash
Rosaceae
Spergularia rubra*
Red sandspurry
Caryophyllaceae
Sphaeralcea munroana
White-leaved globe mallow
Malvaceae
Spiraea betulifolia
Birch-leafed spirea
Rosaceae
Stachys palustris
Swamp hedge-nettle
Lamiaceae
Stellaria media*
Common chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Stephanomeria tenuifolia
Bush wirelettuce
Asteraceae
Stipa comata
Rip-gut
Poaceae
Stipa lemmonii
Lemmon's needlegrass
Poaceae
Streptopus amplexifolius
Clasping-leaved twisted-stalk
Liliaceae
Symphoricarpos albus
Common snowberry
Caprifoliaceae
Symphoricarpos oreophilus
Mountain snowberry
Caprifoliaceae
Synthyris missurica
Mountain kittytails
Scrophulariaceae
Taraxacum officinale*
Dandelion
Asteraceae
Thalictrum occidentale
Western meadowrue
Ranunculaceae
Thelypodium laciniatum
Thick-leaved thelepody
Brassicaceae
Thermopsis montana
Mountain golden-pea
Fabaceae
Thlaspi arvense*
Fanweed
Brassicaceae
Thlaspi fendleri
Fendler's pennycress
Brassicaceae
Thysanocarpus curvipes
Fringepod
Brassicaceae
Tiarella trifoliata
Foamflower
Saxifragaceae
Tonella floribunda
Large-flowered tonella
Scrophulariaceae
Tragopogon dubius*
Oysterplant
Asteraceae
Trautvetteria caroliniensis
False bugbane
Ranunculaceae
Tribulus terrestris*
Puncture vine
Zygophyllaceae
Trifolium eriocephalum
Wooly-head clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium latifolium
Twinclover
Fabaceae
Trifolium macrocephalum
Big-headed clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium repens*
White clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium variegatum
White-tip clover
Fabaceae
Trillium ovatum
White trillium
Liliaceae
Trillium petiolatum
Purple trillium
Liliaceae
Triodanis perfoliata
Venus' looking-glass
Campanulaceae
Urtica dioica
Stinging nettle
Urticaceae
Vaccinium globulare
Globe huckleberry
Ericaceae
Vaccinium membranaceum
Mountain huckleberry
Ericaceae
Valeriana occidentlis
Western valerian
Valerianaceae
Valeriana sitchensis
Sitka valerian
Valerianaceae
Valerianella locusta*
European corn salad
Valerianaceae
Veratrum californicum
California false hellebore
Liliaceae
Verbascum blattaria*
Moth mullein
Scrophulariaceae
Verbena bracteata
Bracted vervain
Verbenaceae
Veronica americana
American brooklime
Scrophulariaceae
Veronica peregrina
Purslane speedwell
Scrophulariaceae
Veronica serpyllifolia
Thyme-leaf speedwell
Scrophulariaceae
Veronica verna*
Spring speedwell
Scrophulariaceae
Vicia americana
American vetch
Fabaceae
Vicia villosa*
Hairy vetch
Fabaceae
Viola adunca
Early blue violet
Violaceae
Viola arvensis*
Pansy
Violaceae
Viola canadensis
Canadian violet
Violaceae
Viola glabella
Stream violet
Violaceae
Viola nuttallii
Yellow prairie violet
Violaceae
Viola odorata*
English violet
Violaceae
Viola orbiculata
Round-leaved violet
Violaceae
Vitis vinifera*
Wine grape
Vitaceae
Woodsia oregana
Oregon woodsia
Polypodiaceae
Wyethia amplexicaulis
Northern mule's ears
Asteraceae
Xanthium spinosum*
Spiny cocklebur
Asteraceae
Zigadenus paniculatus
Panicled death camas
Liliaceae
Zigadenus venenosus
Meadow death camas
Liliaceae
B. 
Columbia County. Columbia County, WA. List covers plants found in Columbia County. Combination of plant lists of areas within Columbia County, with the addition of names of plants in the UW and WSU herbariums that were collected in Columbia County. 621 spp., 96 introduced. List prepared by Don Knoke, 2004.
* – Introduced
Vascular Plant List
Columbia County
Scientific Name
Common Name
Family Name
Abies lasiocarpa
Sub-alpine fir
Pinaceae
Acer glabrum
Douglas maple
Aceraceae
Achillea millefolium
Yarrow
Asteraceae
Aconitum columbianum
Monkshood
Ranunculaceae
Actaea rubra
Baneberry
Ranunculaceae
Adenocaulon bicolor
Pathfinder
Asteraceae
Adiantum pedatum
Maidenhair fern
Polypodiaceae
Agastache urticifolia
Nettle-leaf horse-mint
Lamiaceae
Ageratina occidentalis*
Agaratina
Asteraceae
Agoseris grandiflora
Large-flowered agoseris
Asteraceae
Agoseris heterophylla
Annual agoseris
Asteraceae
Agropyron repens*
Quack grass
Poaceae
Agropyron spicatum
Blue-bunch wheatgrass
Poaceae
Agrostis exarata*
Spike bentgrass
Poaceae
Agrostis scabra
Tickle-grass
Poaceae
Agrostis stolonifera
Colonian bentgrass
Poaceae
Agrostis tenuis*
Colonial bentgrass
Poaceae
Allium dictuon
Blue Mountain onion
Liliaceae
Allium douglasii
Douglas' onion
Liliaceae
Allium fibrillum
Fringed onion
Liliaceae
Allium macrum
Rock onion
Liliaceae
Allium tolmiei
Tolmie's onion
Liliaceae
Alnus sinuata
Sitka alder
Betulaceae
Alopecurus aequalis
Short-awned foxtail
Poaceae
Alyssum alyssoides*
Pale alyssum
Brassicaceae
Amaranthus blitoides
Prostrate pigweed
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus californicus
California pigweed
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus retroflexus*
Red-root pigweed
Amaranthaceae
Amelanchier alnifolia
Serviceberry
Rosaceae
Amsinckia tessellata
Devil's lettuce
Boraginaceae
Anaphalis margaritacea
Pearly everlasting
Asteraceae
Anemone oregana
Oregon anemone
Ranunculaceae
Anemone piperi
Piper's anemone
Ranunculaceae
Angelica arguta
Sharp-tooth angelica
Apiaceae
Antennaria dimorpha
Low pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria luzuloides
Woodrush pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria microphylla
Rosy pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria racemosa
Raceme pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Anthemis cotula*
Dog fennel
Asteraceae
Apocynum androsaemifolium
Spreading dogbane
Apocynaceae
Aquilegia formosa
Red columbine
Ranunculaceae
Arabis divaricarpa
Spreadingpod rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis glabra
Tower mustard
Brassicaceae
Arabis hirsuta
Hairy rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis holboellii
Holboell's rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis microphylla
Small-leaf rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis sparsiflora
Sicklepod rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis suffrutescens
Crater Lake rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arceuthobium douglasii
Douglas dwarf mistletoe
Loranthaceae
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Bearberry
Ericaceae
Arenaria capillaris
Thread-leaved sandwort
Caryophyllaceae
Arenaria congesta
Dense-flowered sandwort
Caryophyllaceae
Arenaria lateriflora
Bluntleaf sandwort
Caryophyllaceae
Arenaria macrophylla
Big-leaf sandwort
Caryophyllaceae
Arnica cordifolia
Heart-leaf arnica
Asteraceae
Arnica diversifolia
Sticky arnica
Asteraceae
Arnica fulgens
Hillside arnica
Asteraceae
Arnica latifolia
Mountain arnica
Asteraceae
Artemisia ludoviciana
Western mugwort
Asteraceae
Asclepias speciosa
Showy milkweed
Asclepiadaceae
Asperugo procumbens*
Madwort
Boraginaceae
Aspidotus densa
Indian's dream fern
Polypodiaceae
Aster foliaceus
Leafy aster
Asteraceae
Aster integrifolius
Thick-stemmed aster
Asteraceae
Aster jessicae
Smooth-leaf aster
Asteraceae
Aster subspicatus
Douglas' aster
Asteraceae
Astragalus canadensis
Canada milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus collinus
Hillside milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus purshii
Pursh's milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus reventus
Blue Mtn. milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus riparius
Woody-root milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus spaldingii
Spalding's milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus whitneyi
Balloon milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Athyrium filix-femina
Lady fern
Polypodiaceae
Athysanus pusillus
Sandweed
Brassicaceae
Avena fatua*
Wild oats
Poaceae
Balsamorhiza incana
Hoary balsamroot
Asteraceae
Balsamorhiza sagittata
Arrow-leaf balsamroot
Asteraceae
Balsamorhiza serrata
Toothed balsamroot
Asteraceae
Berberis repens
Creeping Oregongrape
Berberidaceae
Besseya rubra
Red besseya
Scrophulariaceae
Betula papyrifera
Paper birch
Betulaceae
Blepharipappus scaber
Blepharipappus
Asteraceae
Boisduvalia densiflora
Dense spike-primrose
Onagraceae
Boisduvalia stricta
Brook spike-primrose
Onagraceae
Brassica campestris*
Common mustard
Brassicaceae
Bromus brizaeformis*
Rattlesnake grass
Poaceae
Bromus carinatus
California brome
Poaceae
Bromus inermis*
Smooth brome
Poaceae
Bromus mollis*
Soft brome
Poaceae
Bromus rigidus*
Ripgut brome
Poaceae
Bromus tectorum*
Cheat grass
Poaceae
Bromus vulgaris
Narrow-leaf brome
Poaceae
Calamagrostis rubescens
Pinegrass
Poaceae
Calochortus elegans
Northwest mariposa
Liliaceae
Calochortus subalpinus
Subalpine mariposa
Liliaceae
Calypso bulbosa
Fairy slipper
Orchidaceae
Camelina microcarpa*
Hairy false-flax
Brassicaceae
Capsella bursa-pastoris*
Shepherd's purse
Brassicaceae
Cardamine breweri
Brewer's bittercress
Brassicaceae
Cardamine cordifolia
Large mountain bittercress
Brassicaceae
Cardamine oligosperma
Little Western bittercress
Brassicaceae
Cardamine pensylvanica
Pennsylvania bittercress
Brassicaceae
Carex amplifolia
Big-leaf sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex deweyana
Dewey's sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex geyeri
Geyer's sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex hystricina
Porcupine sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex laeviculmis
Smooth-stemmed sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex microptera
Small-winged sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex multicostata
Many-ribbed sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex pachystachya
Pachystachy sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex retrorsa
Knot-leaf sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex rossii
Ross' sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex stipata
Sawbeak sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex subfusca
Rusty sedge
Cyperaceae
Castilleja hispida
Harsh paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Castilleja miniata
Scarlet paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Castilleja tenuis
Hairy Indian paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Catabrosa aquatica
Brookgrass
Poaceae
Ceanothus sanguineus
Redstem ceanothus
Rhamnaceae
Ceanothus velutinus
Snowbrush
Rhamnaceae
Centaurea cyanus*
Batchelor button
Asteraceae
Centaurea maculosa*
Spotted knapweed
Asteraceae
Centaurea solstitialis*
Yellow starthistle
Asteraceae
Cerastium arvense
Field chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium nutans
Nodding chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium viscosum*
Sticky chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium vulgatum*
Mouse-ear chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Cercocarpus ledifolius
Curl-leaf mountain-mohogany
Rosaceae
Chaenactis douglasii
Dusty maidens
Asteraceae
Cheilanthes gracillima
Lace fern
Polypodiaceae
Chenopodium album*
Pigweed
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium botrys*
Jerusalem oak
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium leptophyllum
Slim-leaf goosefoot
Chenopodiaceae
Chimaphila menziesii
Little pipsissewa
Ericaceae
Chimaphila umbellata
Pipsissewa
Ericaceae
Chrysothamnus nauseosus
Gray rabbit-brush
Asteraceae
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus
Green rabbit-brush
Asteraceae
Cichorium intybus*
Chicory
Asteraceae
Circaea alpina
Enchanter's nightshade
Onagraceae
Cirsium brevistylum
Indian thistle
Asteraceae
Cirsium undulatum
Wavy-leaved thistle
Asteraceae
Cirsium utahense
Utah thistle
Asteraceae
Cirsium vulgare*
Bull thistle
Asteraceae
Clarkia pulchella
Ragged Robin
Onagraceae
Clarkia purpurea
Purple godetia
Onagraceae
Clarkia rhomboidea
Common clarkia
Onagraceae
Claytonia lanceolata
Western spring beauty
Portulacaceae
Claytonia parviflora
Streambank spring beauty
Portulacaceae
Claytonia rubra
Red miner's lettuce
Portulacaceae
Clematis columbiana
Columbia virgin's bower
Ranunculaceae
Clematis ligusticifolia
Virgin's bower
Ranunculaceae
Clintonia uniflora
Queen's cup
Liliaceae
Collinsia parviflora
Small-flowered blue-eyed Mary
Scrophulariaceae
Collomia grandiflora
Large-flowered collomia
Polemoniaceae
Collomia heterophylla
Varied-leaf collomia
Polemoniaceae
Collomia linearis
Narrow-leaf collomia
Polemoniaceae
Conyza canadensis*
Horseweed
Asteraceae
Corallorhiza maculata
Spotted coral-root
Orchidaceae
Corallorhiza striata
Striped coral-root
Orchidaceae
Corallorhiza trifida
Yellow coral-root
Orchidaceae
Cornus canadensis
Bunchberry
Cornaceae
Cornus stolonifera
Red-osier dogwood
Cornaceae
Crataegus douglasii
Black hawthorn
Rosaceae
Crataegus sukdorfii
Suksdorf's hawthorn
Rosaceae
Crepis acuminata
Tapertip hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Crepis atrabarba
Slender hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Crepis intermedia
Gray hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Crepis occidentalis
Western hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Cryptantha affinis
Slender cryptantha
Boraginaceae
Cryptantha simulans
Pine woods cryptantha
Boraginaceae
Cryptantha torreyana
Torrey's cryptantha
Boraginaceae
Cymopteris terebinthinus
Turpentine spring-parsley
Apiaceae
Cyperus aristatus
Awned flatsedge
Cyperaceae
Cyperus erythrorhizos
Red-root flatsedge
Cyperaceae
Cypripedium montanum
Mountain lady's-slipper
Orchidaceae
Dactylis glomerata*
Orchard grass
Poaceae
Daucus carota*
Queen Anne's lace
Apiaceae
Delphinium burkei
Meadow larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium depauperatum
Dwarf larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium nuttallianum
Upland larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Deschampsia danthonioides
Annual hairgrass
Poaceae
Deschampsia elongata
Slender hairgrass
Poaceae
Descurainia pinnata
Western tansymustard
Brassicaceae
Descurainia richardsonii
Mountain tansymustard
Brassicaceae
Dianthus armeria*
Grass pink
Caryophyllaceae
Dicentra cucullaria
Dutchman's breeches
Fumariaceae
Dicentra uniflora
Steer's head
Fumariaceae
Dipsacus sylvestris*
Teasel
Dipsacaceae
Disporum hookeri
Hooker fairy-bell
Liliaceae
Disporum trachycarpum
Sierra fairy-bell
Liliaceae
Dodecatheon conjugens
Desert shooting star
Primulaceae
Dodecatheon cusickii
Cusick's shooting star
Primulaceae
Draba densifolia
Nuttall's draba
Brassicaceae
Draba stenoloba
Slender draba
Brassicaceae
Draba verna
Spring whitlow-grass
Brassicaceae
Dryopteris filix-mas
Male fern
Polypodiaceae
Eburophyton austiniae
Phantom orchid
Orchidaceae
Echinochloa crus-galli*
Barnyard-grass
Poaceae
Echinops ruthenicus*
Globe-thistle
Asteraceae
Eleocharis ovata
Ovoid spike-rush
Cyperaceae
Elodea canadensis
Canadian waterweed
Hydrocharitaceae
Elymus cinereus
Giant rye grass
Poaceae
Elymus glaucus
Western ryegrass
Poaceae
Epilobium alpinum
Alpine willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium angustifolium
Fireweed
Onagraceae
Epilobium glaberrimum
Smooth willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium glandulosum
Common willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium minutum
Small-flowered willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium paniculatum
Tall annual willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium watsonii
Watson's willow-herb
Onagraceae
Equisetum arvense
Common horsetail
Equisetaceae
Equisetum fluviatale
Swamp horsetail
Equisetaceae
Equisetum hyemale
Scouring rush
Equisetaceae
Equisetum laevigatum
Smooth scouring rush
Equisetaceae
Erigeron bloomeri
Scabland fleabane
Asteraceae
Erigeron chrysopsidis
Austin's daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron disparipilus
Snake River daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron eatonii
Eaton's daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron peregrinus
Subalpine daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron pumilus
Shaggy fleabane
Asteraceae
Eriogonum compositum
Northern buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum douglasii
Douglas' buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum flavum
Yellow buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum heracleoides
Parsnip-flowered buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum niveum
Snow buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum sphaerocephalum
Rock buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum strictum
Strict buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum umbellatum
Sulfur buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum vimineum
Broom buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriophyllum lanatum
Oregon sunshine
Asteraceae
Erodium cicutarium*
Filaree
Geraniaceae
Erysimum asperum
Rough wallflower
Brassicaceae
Erythronium grandiflorum
Glacier lily
Liliaceae
Euphorbia serpyllifolia*
Thyme-leaf spurge
Euphorbiaceae
Festuca idahoensis
Blue bunchgrass
Poaceae
Festuca myuros*
Rat-tail fescue
Poaceae
Festuca occidentalis
Western fescue
Poaceae
Festuca pratensis*
Meadow fescue
Poaceae
Festuca rubra
Red fescue
Poaceae
Festuca viridula
Green fescue
Poaceae
Floerkea proserpinacoides
False mermaid
Limnanthaceae
Fragaria vesca
Wild strawberry
Rosaceae
Frasera fastigiata
Clustered frasera
Gentianaceae
Fritillaria pudica
Yellow bell
Liliaceae
Gaillardia aristata
Blanket-flower
Asteraceae
Galium aparine
Cleavers
Rubiaceae
Galium bifolium
Low mountain bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium boreale
Northern bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium serpenticum
Intermountain bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium trifidum
Small bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium triflorum
Fragrant bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Gayophytum diffusum
Spreading groundsmoke
Onagraceae
Gentiana calycosa
Mountain bog gentian
Gentianaceae
Geranium bicknellii
Bicknell's geranium
Geraniaceae
Geranium carolinianum
Wild geranium
Geraniaceae
Geranium pusillum*
Small flowered crane's-bill
Geraniaceae
Geranium viscosissimum
Sticky geranium
Geraniaceae
Geum aleppicum
Yellow avens
Rosaceae
Geum macrophyllum
Large-leaved avens
Rosaceae
Geum triflorum
Prairie smoke
Rosaceae
Gilia aggregata
Skyrocket
Polemoniaceae
Glecoma hederacea*
Creeping Charlie
Lamiaceae
Glyceria striata
Fowl mannagrass
Poaceae
Gnaphalium microcephalum
Slender cudweed
Asteraceae
Gnaphalium palustre
Lowland cudweed
Asteraceae
Goodyera oblongifolia
Rattlesnake-plantain
Orchidaceae
Grindelia nana
Low gumweed
Asteraceae
Grindelia squarrosa
Resinweed
Asteraceae
Gymnocarpium dryopteris
Oak fern
Polypodiaceae
Gypsophila paniculata*
Baby's breath
Caryophyllaceae
Habenaria dilatata
White bog-orchid
Orchidaceae
Habenaria saccata
Slender bog-orchid
Orchidaceae
Habenaria unalascensis
Alaska rein-orchid
Orchidaceae
Hackelia micrantha
Blue stickseed
Boraginaceae
Haplopappus carthamoides
Large-flowered goldenweed
Asteraceae
Helianthus annuus*
Common sunflower
Asteraceae
Heracleum lanatum
Cow parsnip
Apiaceae
Hesperochiron pumilis
Dwarf hesperochiron
Hydrophyllaceae
Heuchera cylindrica
Lava alumroot
Saxifragaceae
Heuchera micrantha
Small-flowered alumroot
Saxifragaceae
Hieracium albiflorum
White-flowered hawkweed
Asteraceae
Hieracium cynoglossoides
Hounds-tongue hawkweed
Asteraceae
Hieracium gracile
Slender hawkweed
Asteraceae
Hieracium scouleri
Scouler's hawkweed
Asteraceae
Holcus lanatus*
Common velvet grass
Poaceae
Holodiscus discolor
Ocean spray
Rosaceae
Holosteum umbellatum*
Jagged chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Hordeum geniculatum*
Seaside barley
Poaceae
Hydrophyllum capitatum
Woolly breeches
Hydrophyllaceae
Hydrophyllum fendleri
Fendler's waterleaf
Hydrophyllaceae
Hydrophyllum tenuipes
Pacific waterleaf
Hydrophyllaceae
Hypericum perforatum*
Klamath weed
Hypericaceae
Hypericum scouleri
Scouler's St. John's-wort
Hypericaceae
Iliamna rivularis
Streambank globemallow
Malvaceae
Impatiens aurella
Orange balsam
Balsaminaceae
Iva xanthifolia
Tall marsh-elder
Asteraceae
Juglans nigra*
Black walnut
Juglandaceae
Juncus bufonius*
Toad rush
Juncaceae
Juncus confusus
Colorado rush
Juncaceae
Juncus effusus
Soft rush
Juncaceae
Juncus ensifolius
Daggerleaf rush
Juncaceae
Juncus longistylus
Long-beaked rush
Juncaceae
Juncus mertensianus
Merten's rush
Juncaceae
Juncus parryi
Parry's rush
Juncaceae
Juncus regelii
Regel's rush
Juncaceae
Juncus tenuis
Slender rush
Juncaceae
Juniperus occidentalis
Western juniper
Cupressaceae
Kelloggia galioides
Kelloggia
Rubiaceae
Koeleria cristata
Prairie junegrass
Poaceae
Lactuca canadensis*
Canada wild lettuce
Asteraceae
Lactuca serriola*
Prickly lettuce
Asteraceae
Lagophylla ramosissima
Common hareleaf
Asteraceae
Lamium amplexicaule*
Henbit
Lamiaceae
Larix occidentalis
Western larch
Pinaceae
Lathyrus lanszwertii
Thick-leaved peavine
Fabaceae
Lathyrus latifolius*
Everlasting peavine
Fabaceae
Lathyrus nevadensis
Nuttall's peavine
Fabaceae
Lathyrus pauciflorus
Few-flowered peavine
Fabaceae
Lewisia pygmaea
Dwarf lewisia
Portulacaceae
Lewisia triphylla
Three-leaf lewisia
Portulacaceae
Ligusticum canbyi
Canby's lovage
Apiaceae
Linanthastrum nuttallii
Linanthastrum
Polemoniaceae
Linanthus septentrionalis
Northern linanthus
Polemoniaceae
Linaria vulgaris*
Butter and eggs
Scrophulariaceae
Linnaea borealis
Twinflower
Caprifoliaceae
Linum perenne
Wild blue-flax
Linaceae
Listera caurina
Northwestern twayblade
Orchidaceae
Listera convallarioides
Broad-lipped twayblade
Orchidaceae
Lithophragma glabrum
Smooth woodland-star
Saxifragaceae
Lithophragma parviflorum
Small-flowered prairie-star
Saxifragaceae
Lithospermum ruderale
Columbia puccoon
Boraginaceae
Lomatium ambiguum
Swale desert-parsley
Apiaceae
Lomatium bicolor
Slender-fruit lomatium
Apiaceae
Lomatium cous
Cous biscuit-root
Apiaceae
Lomatium dissectum
Fern-leaf biscuit-root
Apiaceae
Lomatium gormanii
Gorman's desert-parsley
Apiaceae
Lomatium grayi
Gray's desert-parsley
Apiaceae
Lomatium macrocarpum
Large-fruited lomatium
Apiaceae
Lomatium triternatum
Nine-leaf lomatium
Apiaceae
Lonicera ciliosa
Orange honeysuckle
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera involucrata
Black twinberry
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera utahensis
Utah honeysuckle
Caprifoliaceae
Lotus purshianus
Spanish clover
Fabaceae
Lupinus caudatus
Tailcup lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus laxiflorus
Spurred lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus lepidus
Prairie lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus leucophyllus
Velvet lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus lyallii
Alpine lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus minimus
Kettle Falls lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus polyphyllus
Big-leaf lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus sericeus
Silky lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus sulphureus
Sulphur lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus wyethii
Wyeth's lupine
Fabaceae
Luzula campestris
Field woodrush
Juncaceae
Machaeranthera canescens
Hoary aster
Asteraceae
Madia exigua
Little tarweed
Asteraceae
Madia glomerata
Mountain tarweed
Asteraceae
Madia gracilis
Common tarweed
Asteraceae
Malva neglecta*
Dwarf mallow
Malvaceae
Marrubium vulgare*
Horehound
Lamiaceae
Matricaria matricarioides*
Pineapple weed
Asteraceae
Medicago lupulina*
Black medic
Fabaceae
Medicago sativa*
Alfalfa
Fabaceae
Melica bulbosa
Onion-grass
Poaceae
Melica fugax
Little onion-grass
Poaceae
Melica subulata
Alaska onion-grass
Poaceae
Melilotus officinalis*
Yellow sweet-clover
Fabaceae
Mentha arvensis
Field mint
Lamiaceae
Mentha spicata*
Spearmint
Lamiaceae
Mentzelia dispersa
Bushy mentzelia
Loasaceae
Mertensia longiflora
Small bluebells
Boraginaceae
Mertensia paniculata
Tall bluebells
Boraginaceae
Microseris nutans
Nodding microseris
Asteraceae
Microsteris gracilis
Pink microsteris
Polemoniaceae
Mimulus breweri
Brewer's monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus floribundus
Purple-stem monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus guttatus
Common monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus lewisii
Lewis's monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus moschatus
Musk-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus nanus
Dwarf purple monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mitella caulescens
Leafy mitrewort
Saxifragaceae
Mitella pentandra
Alpine mitrewort
Saxifragaceae
Mitella stauropetala
Cross-shaped mitrewort
Saxifragaceae
Monardella odoratissima
Mountain monardella
Lamiaceae
Moneses uniflora
Woodnymph
Ericaceae
Monolepis nuttalliana
Patata
Chenopodiaceae
Montia arenicola
Sand montia
Portulacaceae
Montia cordifolia
Broad-leafed montia
Portulacaceae
Montia linearis
Narrow-leaf montia
Portulacaceae
Montia parvifolia
Streambank spring beauty
Portulacaceae
Montia perfoliata
Miner's lettuce
Portulacaceae
Montia sibirica
Candyflower
Portulacaceae
Montia spathulata
Pale montia
Portulacaceae
Myosotis laxa
Small-flowered forget-me-not
Boraginaceae
Myosotis scorpioides*
Common forget-me-not
Boraginaceae
Myosotis verna
Spring forget-me-knot
Boraginaceae
Myriophyllum sibericum
Siberian water-milfoil
Haloragaceae
Navarretia divaricata
Mountain navarretia
Polemoniaceae
Navarretia intertexta
Needle-leaf navarretia
Polemoniaceae
Nemophila breviflora
Great Basin nemophila
Hydrophyllaceae
Nepeta cataria*
Catnip
Lamiaceae
Oenothera subacaulis
Long-leaf evening-primrose
Onagraceae
Oplopanax horridum
Devil's club
Araliaceae
Orobanche uniflora
Naked broom-rape
Orobanchaceae
Orogenia linearifolia
Great Basin orogenia
Apiaceae
Orthocarpus hispidus
Hairy owl-clover
Scrophulariaceae
Osmorhiza depauperata
Blunt-fruited sweet-cicely
Apiaceae
Osmorhiza occidentalis
Western sweet-cicely
Apiaceae
Pachistima myrsinites
Mountain box
Celastraceae
Paeonia brownii
Wild peony
Paeoniaceae
Panicum capillare*
Old witchgrass
Poaceae
Pedicularis bracteosa
Bracted lousewort
Scrophulariaceae
Pedicularis contorta
Coiled lousewort
Scrophulariaceae
Pedicularis racemosa
Sickletop lousewort
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon acuminatus
Sand-dune penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon attenuatus
Sulfur penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon deustus
Hot-rock penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon fruticosus
Shrubby penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon lyallii
Lyall's penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon pennellianus
Blue Mountain penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon rydbergii
Rydberg's penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon speciosus
Showy penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon venustus
Blue mountain penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Petasites frigidus
Sweet coltsfoot
Asteraceae
Phacelia hastata
White-leaf phacelia
Hydrophyllaceae
Phacelia heterophylla
Varileaf phacelia
Hydrophyllaceae
Phacelia linearis
Thread-leaf phacelia
Hydrophyllaceae
Philadelphus lewisii
Mock-orange
Hydrangeaceae
Phlox caespitosa
Tufted phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phlox longifolia
Long-leaf phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phlox multiflora
Many-flowered phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phlox viscida
Sticky phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides
Daggerpod
Brassicaceae
Phyllodoce empetriformis
Red mountain heather
Ericaceae
Physocarpus malvaceus
Mallow ninebark
Rosaceae
Picea engalmannii
Engelmann spruce
Pinaceae
Pinus contorta
Lodgepole pine
Pinaceae
Pinus ponderosa
Ponderosa pine
Pinaceae
Plagiobothrys scouleri
Scouler's popcorn-flower
Boraginaceae
Plantago lanceolata*
English plantain
Plantaginaceae
Plantago major*
Common plantain
Plantaginaceae
Plectritis macrocera
White plectritus
Valerianaceae
Poa annua
Annual bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa bolanderi
Bolander's bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa bulbosa*
Bulbous bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa compressa
Canadian bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa nervosa
Wheeler's bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa palustris*
Fowl meadow-grass
Poaceae
Poa secunda
Merrill's bluegrass
Poaceae
Polemonium californicum
California Jacob's-ladder
Polemoniaceae
Polemonium pulcherrimum
Showy Jacob's ladder
Polemoniaceae
Polygonum aviculare*
Doorweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum bistortoides
Mountain bistort
Polygonaceae
Polygonum convolvulus*
Black bindweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum douglasii
Douglas' knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum kelloggii
Kellogg's knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum majus
Wiry knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum minimum
Leafy dwarf knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polypogon monspeilensis*
Rabbitsfoot grass
Poaceae
Polystichum lonchitis
Holly fern
Polypodiaceae
Polystichum munitum
Sword fern
Polypodiaceae
Populus tremuloides
Quaking aspen
Salicaceae
Populus trichocarpa
Black cottonwood
Salicaceae
Potentilla glandulosa
Sticky cinquefoil
Rosaceae
Potentilla gracilis
Graceful cinquefoil
Rosaceae
Potentilla recta*
Erect cinquefoil
Rosaceae
Prunella vulgaris
Self-heal
Lamiaceae
Prunus emarginata
Bitter cherry
Rosaceae
Prunus virginiana
Chokecherry
Rosaceae
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Douglas fir
Pinaceae
Pteridium aquilinum
Bracken
Polypodiaceae
Puccinellia pauciflora
Weak alkaligrass
Poaceae
Pyrola minor
Snowline pyrola
Ericaceae
Ranunculus aquatilis
Water buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus cymbalaria
Shore buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus glaberrimus
Sagebrush buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus macounii
Macoun's buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus populago
Mountain buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus repens*
Creeping buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus sceleratus
Celery-leaved buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus uncinatus
Little buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Rhamnus purshiana
Cascara
Rhamnaceae
Rhus glabra
Sumac
Anacardiaceae
Ribes cereum
Wax currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes cognatum
Umatilla gooseberry
Grossulariaceae
Ribes hudsonianum
Northern black currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes lacustre
Prickly currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes oxyacanthoides
Northern gooseberry
Grossulariaceae
Ribes viscosissimum
Sticky currant
Grossulariaceae
Rorippa curvisiliqua
Western yellowcress
Brassicaceae
Rorippa islandica
Marsh yellowcress
Brassicaceae
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum*
Water cress
Brassicaceae
Rosa gymnocarpa
Baldhip rose
Rosaceae
Rosa nutkana
Nootka rose
Rosaceae
Rosa woodsii
Wood's rose
Rosaceae
Rubus discolor*
Himalayan blackberry
Rosaceae
Rubus idaeus
Red raspberry
Rosaceae
Rubus leucodermis
Blackcap
Rosaceae
Rubus parviflorus
Thimbleberry
Rosaceae
Rudbeckia occidentalis
Black head
Asteraceae
Rumex acetosella*
Sheep sorrel
Polygonaceae
Rumex crispus*
Sour dock
Polygonaceae
Rumex salicifolius
Willow dock
Polygonaceae
Sagina saginoides
Alpine pearlwort
Caryophyllaceae
Salix amygdaloides
Peachleaf willow
Salicaceae
Salix exigua
Coyote willow
Salicaceae
Salix lasiandra
Pacific willow
Salicaceae
Salix lasiolepis
Arroyo willow
Salicaceae
Salix rigida
Mackenzie willow
Salicaceae
Salix scouleriana
Scouler willow
Salicaceae
Salix sitchensis
Sitka willow
Salicaceae
Salvia aethiops*
Mediterranean sage
Lamiaceae
Sambucus cerulea
Blue elderberry
Caprifoliaceae
Sambucus racemosa
Red elderberry
Caprifoliaceae
Sanguisorba occidentalis
Annual burnet
Rosaceae
Sanguisorba sitchensis
Sitka burnet
Rosaceae
Sanicula graveolens
Sierra sanicle
Apiaceae
Satureja douglasii
Yerba buena
Lamiaceae
Saxifraga arguta
Brook saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga integrifolia
Grassland saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga mertensiana
Merten's saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga occidentalis
Western saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Scirpus microcarpus
Small-flowered bulrush
Cyperaceae
Scleranthus annuus*
Annual knawel
Caryophyllaceae
Scrophularia lanceolata
Lance-leaf figwort
Scrophulariaceae
Scutellaria angustifolia
Narrow-leaved skullcap
Lamiaceae
Sedum lanceolatum
Lance-leaved stonecrop
Crassulaceae
Sedum stenopetalum
Worm-leaf stonecrop
Crassulaceae
Senecio canus
Woolly groundsel
Asteraceae
Senecio foetidus
Sweet-marsh butterweed
Asteraceae
Senecio integerrimus
Western groundsel
Asteraceae
Senecio serra
Tall butterweed
Asteraceae
Senecio streptanthifolius
Cleft-leaf groundsel
Asteraceae
Senecio triangularis
Arrowleaf groundsel
Asteraceae
Setaria viridis*
Green foxtail
Poaceae
Sibbaldia procumbens
Creeping sibbaldia
Rosaceae
Sidalcea neomexicana
Salt spring checkerbloom
Malvaceae
Sidalcea oregana
Oregon checkermallow
Malvaceae
Silene antirrhina*
Sleepy catchfly
Caryophyllaceae
Silene douglasii
Douglas' silene
Caryophyllaceae
Silene menziesii
Menzies' silene
Caryophyllaceae
Silene noctiflora*
Night-flowering catchfly
Caryophyllaceae
Silene oregana
Oregon silene
Caryophyllaceae
Sisymbrium altissimum*
Jim Hill mustard
Brassicaceae
Sisymbrium loeselii*
Loesel tumblemustard
Brassicaceae
Sisymbrium officinale*
Hedge mustard
Brassicaceae
Sisyrinchium inflatum
Purple-eyed grass
Iridaceae
Sitanion hystrix
Squirreltail
Poaceae
Sitanion jubatum
Big squirreltail
Poaceae
Smilacina racemosa
False Solomon's seal
Liliaceae
Smilacina stellata
Star-flowered Solomon's seal
Liliaceae
Solanum dulcamara*
Bittersweet nightshade
Solanaceae
Solanum sarrachoides
Hairy nightshade
Solanaceae
Solidago gigantea
Late goldenrod
Asteraceae
Sonchus asper*
Prickly sowthistle
Asteraceae
Sorbus scopulina
Cascade mountain-ash
Rosaceae
Spergularia rubra*
Red sandspurry
Caryophyllaceae
Spiraea betulifolia
Birch-leafed spirea
Rosaceae
Spiraea densiflora
Rosy spirea
Rosaceae
Spiranthes romanzoffiana
Hooded ladies-tresses
Orchidaceae
Stellaria borealis
Northern starwort
Caryophyllaceae
Stellaria crispa
Crisped starwort
Caryophyllaceae
Stellaria longipes
Long-stalked starwort
Caryophyllaceae
Stellaria media*
Common chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Stellaria umbellata
Umbellate chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Stipa lemmonii
Lemmon's needlegrass
Poaceae
Stipa occidentalis
Western needlegrass
Poaceae
Streptopus amplexifolius
Clasping-leaved twisted-stalk
Liliaceae
Symphoricarpos albus
Common snowberry
Caprifoliaceae
Symphoricarpos mollis
Creeping snowberry
Caprifoliaceae
Symphoricarpos oreophilus
Mountain snowberry
Caprifoliaceae
Synthyris missurica
Mountain kittytails
Scrophulariaceae
Tanacetum vulgare*
Common tansy
Asteraceae
Taraxacum laevigatum*
Red-seeded dandelion
Asteraceae
Taraxacum officinale*
Dandelion
Asteraceae
Taxus brevifolia
Western yew
Taxaceae
Thalictrum occidentale
Western meadowrue
Ranunculaceae
Thermopsis montana
Mountain golden-pea
Fabaceae
Thlaspi arvense*
Fanweed
Brassicaceae
Thlaspi fendleri
Fendler's pennycress
Brassicaceae
Thysanocarpus curvipes
Fringepod
Brassicaceae
Tiarella trifoliata
Foamflower
Saxifragaceae
Tragopogon dubius*
Oysterplant
Asteraceae
Trautvetteria caroliniensis
False bugbane
Ranunculaceae
Trifolium eriocephalum
Wooly-head clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium hybridum*
Alsike clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium latifolium
Twinclover
Fabaceae
Trifolium longipes
Long-stalked clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium macrocephalum
Big-headed clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium pratense*
Red clover
Fabaceae
Trillium petiolatum
Purple trillium
Liliaceae
Trisetum canescens
Tall trisetum
Poaceae
Trisetum cernuum
Nodding trisetum
Poaceae
Trisetum spicatum
Downy oat-grass
Poaceae
Typha latifolia
Common cattail
Typhaceae
Urtica dioica
Stinging nettle
Urticaceae
Vaccaria segetalis*
Cowcockle
Caryophyllaceae
Vaccinium globulare
Globe huckleberry
Ericaceae
Vaccinium membranaceum
Mountain huckleberry
Ericaceae
Vaccinium scoparium
Grouseberry
Ericaceae
Valeriana sitchensis
Sitka valerian
Valerianaceae
Valerianella locusta*
European corn salad
Valerianaceae
Veratrum californicum
California false hellebore
Liliaceae
Veratrum viride
Green false hellebore
Liliaceae
Verbascum blattaria*
Moth mullein
Scrophulariaceae
Verbascum thapsus*
Common mullein
Scrophulariaceae
Verbena bracteata
Bracted vervain
Verbenaceae
Veronica americana
American brooklime
Scrophulariaceae
Veronica arvensis*
Field veronica
Scrophulariaceae
Veronica serpyllifolia
Thyme-leaf speedwell
Scrophulariaceae
Vicia americana
American vetch
Fabaceae
Vicia villosa*
Hairy vetch
Fabaceae
Viola adunca
Early blue violet
Violaceae
Viola glabella
Stream violet
Violaceae
Viola orbiculata
Round-leaved violet
Violaceae
Viola purpurea
Goosefoot violet
Violaceae
Wyethia amplexicaulis
Northern mule's ears
Asteraceae
Zigadenus venenosus
Meadow death camas
Liliaceae
C. 
Garfield County. Garfield County, WA. List covers plants found in Garfield County. Combination of lists of areas in Garfield County, with the addition of names of plants found in the UW and WSU herbariums. 788 spp., 101 introduced. List prepared by Don Knoke, 2004.
* – Introduced
Vascular Plant List
Garfield County
Scientific Name
Common Name
Family Name
Abies grandis
Grand fir
Pinaceae
Abies lasiocarpa
Sub-alpine fir
Pinaceae
Acer glabrum
Douglas maple
Aceraceae
Acer negundo*
Box elder
Aceraceae
Achillea millefolium
Yarrow
Asteraceae
Aconitum columbianum
Monkshood
Ranunculaceae
Actaea rubra
Baneberry
Ranunculaceae
Adenocaulon bicolor
Pathfinder
Asteraceae
Adiantum pedatum
Maidenhair fern
Polypodiaceae
Agastache urticifolia
Nettle-leaf horse-mint
Lamiaceae
Agoseris aurantiaca
Orange agoseris
Asteraceae
Agoseris glauca
Mountain agoseris
Asteraceae
Agoseris grandiflora
Large-flowered agoseris
Asteraceae
Agoseris heterophylla
Annual agoseris
Asteraceae
Agropyron dasytachyum
Thickspike wheatgrass
Poaceae
Agropyron intermedium*
Intermediate ryegrass
Poaceae
Agropyron spicatum
Blue-bunch wheatgrass
Poaceae
Agrostis scabra
Tickle-grass
Poaceae
Agrostis spica-venti*
Silky apera
Poaceae
Ailanthus altissima*
Tree-of-Heaven
Simaroubaceae
Alisma plantago-aquatica
American waterplantain
Alismataceae
Allium acuminatum
Taper-tip onion
Liliaceae
Allium douglasii
Douglas' onion
Liliaceae
Allium fibrillum
Fringed onion
Liliaceae
Allium madidum
Swamp onion
Liliaceae
Allium tolmiei
Tolmie's onion
Liliaceae
Alnus incana
Mountain alder
Betulaceae
Alnus rhombifolia
White alder
Betulaceae
Alnus sinuata
Sitka alder
Betulaceae
Alopecurus aequalis
Short-awned foxtail
Poaceae
Alopecurus pratensis*
Meadow foxtail
Poaceae
Alyssum alyssoides*
Pale alyssum
Brassicaceae
Amaranthus blitoides
Prostrate pigweed
Amaranthaceae
Ambrosia acanthicarpa
Bur ragweed
Asteraceae
Amelanchier alnifolia
Serviceberry
Rosaceae
Amorpha fruticosa
False indigo
Fabaceae
Amsinckia lycopsoides
Bugloss fiddleneck
Boraginaceae
Amsinckia retrorsa
Rigid fiddleneck
Boraginaceae
Amsinckia tessellata
Devil's lettuce
Boraginaceae
Anaphalis margaritacea
Pearly everlasting
Asteraceae
Anemone piperi
Piper's anemone
Ranunculaceae
Angelica arguta
Sharp-tooth angelica
Apiaceae
Antennaria anaphaloides
Tall pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria dimorpha
Low pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria luzuloides
Woodrush pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria microphylla
Rosy pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria racemosa
Raceme pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria stenophylla
Narrow-leaf pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Antennaria umbrinella
Umber pussy-toes
Asteraceae
Anthriscus scandicina*
Bur chervil
Apiaceae
Apocynum androsaemifolium
Spreading dogbane
Apocynaceae
Aquilegia formosa
Red columbine
Ranunculaceae
Arabis divaricarpa
Spreadingpod rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis glabra
Tower mustard
Brassicaceae
Arabis holboellii
Holboell's rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis lignifera
Woody-branch rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis lyallii
Lyall's rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis sparsiflora
Sicklepod rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arabis suffrutescens
Crater Lake rockcress
Brassicaceae
Arceuthobium americanum
American mistletoe
Loranthaceae
Arceuthobium campylopodum
Western dwarf mistletoe
Loranthaceae
Arceuthobium douglasii
Douglas dwarf mistletoe
Loranthaceae
Arctium minus*
Common burdock
Asteraceae
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Bearberry
Ericaceae
Arenaria capillaris
Thread-leaved sandwort
Caryophyllaceae
Arenaria congesta
Dense-flowered sandwort
Caryophyllaceae
Arenaria macrophylla
Big-leaf sandwort
Caryophyllaceae
Arenaria rubella
Reddish sandwort
Caryophyllaceae
Arenaria serpyllifolia*
Thyme-leaf sandwort
Caryophyllaceae
Arnica cordifolia
Heart-leaf arnica
Asteraceae
Arnica fulgens
Hillside arnica
Asteraceae
Arnica latifolia
Mountain arnica
Asteraceae
Arnica longifolia
Seep-spring arnica
Asteraceae
Arnica mollis
Hairy arnica
Asteraceae
Arnica sororia
Twin arnica
Asteraceae
Arrhenatheram elatius*
Oat-grass
Poaceae
Artemisia absinthium*
Absinthe
Asteraceae
Artemisia arbuscula
Low sagebrush
Asteraceae
Artemisia ludoviciana
Western mugwort
Asteraceae
Artemisia michauxiana
Michaux mugwort
Asteraceae
Artemisia rigida
Stiff sagebrush
Asteraceae
Artemisia tridentata
Big sagebrush
Asteraceae
Artemisia vulgaris*
Mugwort
Asteraceae
Asarum caudatum
Wild ginger
Aristolochiaceae
Aspidotus densa
Indian's dream fern
Polypodiaceae
Aster chilensis
Long-leaf aster
Asteraceae
Aster conspicuus
Showy aster
Asteraceae
Aster foliaceus
Leafy aster
Asteraceae
Aster integrifolius
Thick-stemmed aster
Asteraceae
Aster occidentalis
Western aster
Asteraceae
Astragalus arrectus
Palouse milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus canadensis
Canada milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus collinus
Hillside milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus reventiformis
Yakima milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus reventus
Blue Mtn. milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus riparius
Woody-root milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus spaldingii
Spalding's milk vetch
Fabaceae
Astragalus whitneyi
Balloon milk-vetch
Fabaceae
Athyrium distentifolium
Alpine lady fern
Polypodiaceae
Athyrium filix-femina
Lady fern
Polypodiaceae
Balsamorhiza careyana
Carey's balsamroot
Asteraceae
Balsamorhiza sagittata
Arrow-leaf balsamroot
Asteraceae
Balsamorhiza serrata
Toothed balsamroot
Asteraceae
Barbarea orthoceras
American wintercress
Brassicaceae
Barbarea vulgaris*
Bitter wintercress
Brassicaceae
Berberis nervosa
Cascade Oregongrape
Berberidaceae
Berberis repens
Creeping Oregongrape
Berberidaceae
Besseya rubra
Red besseya
Scrophulariaceae
Betula occidentalis
Water birch
Betulaceae
Betula papyrifera
Paper birch
Betulaceae
Bidens cernua
Nodding beggar-ticks
Asteraceae
Blepharipappus scaber
Blepharipappus
Asteraceae
Boisduvalia stricta
Brook spike-primrose
Onagraceae
Brodiaea douglasii
Douglas' brodiaea
Liliaceae
Bromus brizaeformis*
Rattlesnake grass
Poaceae
Bromus carinatus
California brome
Poaceae
Bromus ciliatus
Fringed brome
Poaceae
Bromus inermis*
Smooth brome
Poaceae
Bromus japonicus*
Japanese brome
Poaceae
Bromus mollis*
Soft brome
Poaceae
Bromus pacificus
Pacific brome
Poaceae
Bromus tectorum*
Cheat grass
Poaceae
Bromus vulgaris
Narrow-leaf brome
Poaceae
Calamagrostis inexpansa
Northern reedgrass
Poaceae
Calamagrostis purpurescens
Purple pinegrass
Poaceae
Calamagrostis rubescens
Pinegrass
Poaceae
Calochortus elegans
Northwest mariposa
Liliaceae
Calochortus eurycarpus
Wide-fruit mariposa
Liliaceae
Calochortus macrocarpus
Sagebrush mariposa
Liliaceae
Calypso bulbosa
Fairy slipper
Orchidaceae
Camassia quamash
Common camas
Liliaceae
Capsella bursa-pastoris*
Shepherd's purse
Brassicaceae
Cardamine cordifolia
Large mountain bittercress
Brassicaceae
Cardamine integrifolia
Milk maids
Brassicaceae
Cardamine oligosperma
Little Western bittercress
Brassicaceae
Cardaria pubescens*
Globepodded hoary cress
Brassicaceae
Carex amplifolia
Big-leaf sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex aquatilis
Water sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex concinnoides
Northwest sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex deweyana
Dewey's sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex filifolia
Thread-leaf sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex geyeri
Geyer's sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex haydeniana
Hayden's sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex hoodii
Hood's sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex illota
Sheep sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex microptera
Small-winged sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex multicostata
Many-ribbed sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex pachystachya
Pachystachy sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex preslii
Presl's sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex rossii
Ross' sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex rostrata
Beaked sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex stipata
Sawbeak sedge
Cyperaceae
Castilleja chromosa
Desert paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Castilleja cusickii
Cusick's paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Castilleja hispida
Harsh paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Castilleja lutescens
Green paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Castilleja miniata
Scarlet paintbrush
Scrophulariaceae
Ceanothus integerrimus
Deerbrush
Rhamnaceae
Ceanothus sanguineus
Redstem ceanothus
Rhamnaceae
Ceanothus velutinus
Snowbrush
Rhamnaceae
Centaurea cyanus*
Batchelor button
Asteraceae
Centaurea maculosa*
Spotted knapweed
Asteraceae
Centaurea nigra*
Black knapweed
Asteraceae
Cerastium arvense
Field chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium nutans
Nodding chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Cercocarpus ledifolius
Curl-leaf mountain-mohogany
Rosaceae
Chaenactis douglasii
Dusty maidens
Asteraceae
Cheilanthes gracillima
Lace fern
Polypodiaceae
Chenopodium rubrum*
Red goosefoot
Chenopodiaceae
Chimaphila menziesii
Little pipsissewa
Ericaceae
Chimaphila umbellata
Pipsissewa
Ericaceae
Chorispora tenella*
Blue mustard
Brassicaceae
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum*
Ox-eye daisy
Asteraceae
Chrysopsis villosa
Hairy golden-aster
Asteraceae
Chrysothamnus nauseosus
Gray rabbit-brush
Asteraceae
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus
Green rabbit-brush
Asteraceae
Cichorium intybus*
Chicory
Asteraceae
Cicuta douglasii
Water-hemlock
Apiaceae
Cinna latifolia
Reedgrass
Poaceae
Circaea alpina
Enchanter's nightshade
Onagraceae
Cirsium arvense*
Canada thistle
Asteraceae
Cirsium foliosum
Elk thistle
Asteraceae
Cirsium utahense
Utah thistle
Asteraceae
Cirsium vulgare*
Bull thistle
Asteraceae
Clarkia pulchella
Ragged Robin
Onagraceae
Clarkia rhomboidea
Common clarkia
Onagraceae
Claytonia lanceolata
Western spring beauty
Portulacaceae
Claytonia parviflora
Streambank spring beauty
Portulacaceae
Clematis columbiana
Columbia virgin's bower
Ranunculaceae
Clematis ligusticifolia
Virgin's bower
Ranunculaceae
Cleome lutea
Yellow bee-plant
Capparidaceae
Clintonia uniflora
Queen's cup
Liliaceae
Collinsia parviflora
Small-flowered blue-eyed Mary
Scrophulariaceae
Collomia grandiflora
Large-flowered collomia
Polemoniaceae
Collomia linearis
Narrow-leaf collomia
Polemoniaceae
Collomia tenella
Diffuse collomia
Polemoniaceae
Collomia tinctoria
Yellow-staining collomia
Polemoniaceae
Comandra umbellata
Bastard toad-flax
Santalaceae
Convolvulus arvensis*
Field morning-glory
Convolvulaceae
Conyza canadensis*
Horseweed
Asteraceae
Corallorhiza maculata
Spotted coral-root
Orchidaceae
Corallorhiza mertensiana
Western coral-root
Orchidaceae
Corallorhiza striata
Striped coral-root
Orchidaceae
Corallorhiza trifida
Yellow coral-root
Orchidaceae
Cordylanthus ramosus
Much-branched birdbeak
Scrophulariaceae
Corispermum hyssopifolium*
Common bugseed
Chenopodiaceae
Cornus canadensis
Bunchberry
Cornaceae
Cornus stolonifera
Red-osier dogwood
Cornaceae
Cotoneaster acutifolius*
Siberian cotoneaster
Rosaceae
Crataegus douglasii
Black hawthorn
Rosaceae
Crepis acuminata
Tapertip hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Crepis atrabarba
Slender hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Crepis barbigera
Bearded hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Crepis intermedia
Gray hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Crepis occidentalis
Western hawksbeard
Asteraceae
Cryptantha intermedia
Common cryptantha
Boraginaceae
Cryptantha pterocarya
Wing-nut cryptantha
Boraginaceae
Cryptantha torreyana
Torrey's cryptantha
Boraginaceae
Cryptogramma crispa
Parsley fern
Polypodiaceae
Cuscuta indecora
Bigseed alfalfa dodder
Cuscutaceae
Cymopteris terebinthinus
Turpentine spring-parsley
Apiaceae
Cynoglossum officinale*
Common hound's-tongue
Boraginaceae
Cynosurus echinatus*
Hedgehog dogtail
Poaceae
Cyperus aristatus
Awned flatsedge
Cyperaceae
Cyperus erythrorhizos
Red-root flatsedge
Cyperaceae
Cypripedium fasciculatum
Clustered lady's-slipper
Orchidaceae
Cypripedium montanum
Mountain lady's-slipper
Orchidaceae
Cystopteris fragilis
Fragile fern
Polypodiaceae
Dactylis glomerata*
Orchard grass
Poaceae
Danthonia californica
California oatgrass
Poaceae
Danthonia spicata
Poverty danthonia
Poaceae
Danthonia unispicata
Few-flowered wild oatgrass
Poaceae
Delphinium burkei
Meadow larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium depauperatum
Dwarf larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium nuttallianum
Upland larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Delphinium occidentale
Western larkspur
Ranunculaceae
Deschampsia caespitosa
Tufted hairgrass
Poaceae
Deschampsia danthonioides
Annual hairgrass
Poaceae
Deschampsia elongata
Slender hairgrass
Poaceae
Descurainia pinnata
Western tansymustard
Brassicaceae
Descurainia richardsonii
Mountain tansymustard
Brassicaceae
Descurainia sophia*
Flixweed
Brassicaceae
Dianthus armeria*
Grass pink
Caryophyllaceae
Dicentra cucullaria
Dutchman's breeches
Fumariaceae
Dicentra uniflora
Steer's head
Fumariaceae
Dipsacus sylvestris*
Teasel
Dipsacaceae
Disporum hookeri
Hooker fairy-bell
Liliaceae
Disporum trachycarpum
Sierra fairy-bell
Liliaceae
Dodecatheon conjugens
Desert shooting star
Primulaceae
Dodecatheon cusickii
Cusick's shooting star
Primulaceae
Dodecatheon jeffreyi
Jeffrey's shooting star
Primulaceae
Dodecatheon pulchellum
Few-flowered shooting star
Primulaceae
Draba lonchocarpa
Lancefruited draba
Brassicaceae
Draba verna
Spring whitlow-grass
Brassicaceae
Dryopteris filix-mas
Male fern
Polypodiaceae
Eburophyton austiniae
Phantom orchid
Orchidaceae
Eleocharis acicularis
Needle spike-rush
Cyperaceae
Eleocharis tenuis
Slender spike-rush
Cyperaceae
Elymus caput-medusa*
Medusa-head
Poaceae
Elymus flavescens
Sand wildrye
Poaceae
Elymus glaucus
Western ryegrass
Poaceae
Epilobium alpinum
Alpine willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium angustifolium
Fireweed
Onagraceae
Epilobium glaberrimum
Smooth willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium glandulosum
Common willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium minutum
Small-flowered willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium palustre
Swamp willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium paniculatum
Tall annual willow-herb
Onagraceae
Epilobium watsonii
Watson's willow-herb
Onagraceae
Equisetum arvense
Common horsetail
Equisetaceae
Equisetum hyemale
Scouring rush
Equisetaceae
Equisetum laevigatum
Smooth scouring-rush
Equisetaceae
Equisetum palustre
Marsh horsetail
Equisetaceae
Eragrostis pectinacea
Purple lovegrass
Poaceae
Erigeron bloomeri
Scabland fleabane
Asteraceae
Erigeron chrysopsidis
Austin's daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron compositus
Cut-leaved daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron corymbosus
Long-leaf fleabane
Asteraceae
Erigeron disparipilus
Snake River daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron eatonii
Eaton's daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron elegantulus
Volcanic daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron filifolius
Thread-leaf fleabane
Asteraceae
Erigeron linearis
Desert yellow daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron peregrinus
Subalpine daisy
Asteraceae
Erigeron poliospermus
Cushion fleabane
Asteraceae
Erigeron pumilus
Shaggy fleabane
Asteraceae
Erigeron speciosus
Showy fleabane
Asteraceae
Eriogonum compositum
Northern buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum douglasii
Douglas' buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum flavum
Yellow buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum heracleoides
Parsnip-flowered buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum niveum
Snow buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum pyrolifolium
Alpine buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum strictum
Strict buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum umbellatum
Sulfur buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum vimineum
Broom buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Eriophyllum lanatum
Oregon sunshine
Asteraceae
Erodium cicutarium*
Filaree
Geraniaceae
Erysimum arenicola
Mountain wallflower
Brassicaceae
Erysimum asperum
Rough wallflower
Brassicaceae
Erysimum occidentale
Pale wallflower
Brassicaceae
Erythronium grandiflorum
Glacier lily
Liliaceae
Eschscholtzia californica*
California poppy
Papaveraceae
Euphorbia glyptosperma
Ribseed sandmat
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia serpyllifolia*
Thyme-leaf spurge
Euphorbiaceae
Festuca idahoensis
Blue bunchgrass
Poaceae
Festuca myuros*
Rat-tail fescue
Poaceae
Festuca occidentalis
Western fescue
Poaceae
Festuca octoflora
Slender fescue
Poaceae
Festuca ovina
Sheep fescue
Poaceae
Festuca rubra
Red fescue
Poaceae
Festuca scabrella
Rough fescue
Poaceae
Festuca subulata
Bearded fescue
Poaceae
Floerkea proserpinacoides
False mermaid
Limnanthaceae
Fragaria vesca
Wild strawberry
Rosaceae
Fragaria virginiana
Woods strawberry
Rosaceae
Frasera fastigiata
Clustered frasera
Gentianaceae
Fritillaria pudica
Yellow bell
Liliaceae
Gaillardia aristata
Blanket-flower
Asteraceae
Galium aparine
Cleavers
Rubiaceae
Galium asperrimum
Rough bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium bifolium
Low mountain bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium boreale
Northern bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium multiflorum
Shrubby bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium serpenticum
Intermountain bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Galium triflorum
Fragrant bedstraw
Rubiaceae
Gaultheria humifusa
Alpine wintergreen
Ericaceae
Gaultheria ovatifolia
Slender wintergreen
Ericaceae
Gayophytum diffusum
Spreading groundsmoke
Onagraceae
Gayophytum ramosissimum
Hairstem groundsmoke
Onagraceae
Gentiana amarella
Northern gentian
Gentianaceae
Geranium molle*
Dovefoot geranium
Geraniaceae
Geranium viscosissimum
Sticky geranium
Geraniaceae
Geum macrophyllum
Large-leaved avens
Rosaceae
Geum triflorum
Prairie smoke
Rosaceae
Gilia aggregata
Skyrocket
Polemoniaceae
Gilia capillaris
Smooth-leaved gilia
Polemoniaceae
Glyceria grandis
Reed mannagrass
Poaceae
Glyceria striata
Fowl mannagrass
Poaceae
Glycyrrhiza lepidota
Licorice-root
Fabaceae
Gnaphalium palustre
Lowland cudweed
Asteraceae
Goodyera oblongifolia
Rattlesnake-plantain
Orchidaceae
Grindelia nana
Low gumweed
Asteraceae
Grindelia squarrosa
Resinweed
Asteraceae
Gymnocarpium dryopteris
Oak fern
Polypodiaceae
Habenaria dilatata
White bog-orchid
Orchidaceae
Habenaria elegans
Elegant rein-orchid
Orchidaceae
Habenaria saccata
Slender bog-orchid
Orchidaceae
Habenaria unalascensis
Alaska rein-orchid
Orchidaceae
Hackelia micrantha
Blue stickseed
Boraginaceae
Haplopappus acaulis
Stemless goldenweed
Asteraceae
Haplopappus carthamoides
Large-flowered goldenweed
Asteraceae
Haplopappus hirtus
Hairy goldenweed
Asteraceae
Haplopappus lanuginosus
Woolly goldenweed
Asteraceae
Haplopappus stenophyllus
Narrow-leaf goldenweed
Asteraceae
Helenium autumnale
Sneezeweed
Asteraceae
Helianthella uniflora
Little-sunflower
Asteraceae
Heracleum lanatum
Cow parsnip
Apiaceae
Hesperochiron pumilis
Dwarf hesperochiron
Hydrophyllaceae
Heterocodon rariflorum
Heterocodon
Campanulaceae
Heuchera cylindrica
Lava alumroot
Saxifragaceae
Hieracium albiflorum
White-flowered hawkweed
Asteraceae
Hieracium cynoglossoides
Hounds-tongue hawkweed
Asteraceae
Hieracium scouleri
Scouler's hawkweed
Asteraceae
Holodiscus discolor
Ocean spray
Rosaceae
Holosteum umbellatum*
Jagged chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Hordeum jubatum
Foxtail barley
Poaceae
Hydrophyllum capitatum
Woolly breeches
Hydrophyllaceae
Hydrophyllum fendleri
Fendler's waterleaf
Hydrophyllaceae
Hypericum formosum
Western St. John's-wort
Hypericaceae
Hypericum perforatum*
Klamath weed
Hypericaceae
Hypopites monotropa
Many-flowered indian pipe
Ericaceae
Iliamna rivularis
Streambank globemallow
Malvaceae
Impatiens aurella
Orange balsam
Balsaminaceae
Iris missouriensis
Western blue flag
Iridaceae
Iva axillaris
Poverty weed
Asteraceae
Juncus balticus
Baltic rush
Juncaceae
Juncus bufonius*
Toad rush
Juncaceae
Juncus ensifolius
Daggerleaf rush
Juncaceae
Juncus filiformis
Thread rush
Juncaceae
Juncus longistylus
Long-beaked rush
Juncaceae
Juncus mertensianus
Merten's rush
Juncaceae
Juncus tenuis
Slender rush
Juncaceae
Juniperus occidentalis
Western juniper
Cupressaceae
Juniperus scopulorum
Rocky Mountain juniper
Cupressaceae
Koeleria cristata
Prairie junegrass
Poaceae
Lactuca serriola*
Prickly lettuce
Asteraceae
Lagophylla ramosissima
Common hareleaf
Asteraceae
Larix occidentalis
Western larch
Pinaceae
Lathyrus lanszwertii
Thick-leaved peavine
Fabaceae
Lathyrus pauciflorus
Few-flowered peavine
Fabaceae
Lemna minor
Common duckweed
Lemnaceae
Leontodon nudicaulis*
Hairy hawkbit
Asteraceae
Lepidium perfoliatum*
Clasping peppergrass
Brassicaceae
Lepidium virginicum*
Tall pepperweed
Brassicaceae
Leptodactylon pungens
Prickly phlox
Polemoniaceae
Lewisia pygmaea
Dwarf lewisia
Portulacaceae
Lewisia triphylla
Three-leaf lewisia
Portulacaceae
Ligusticum canbyi
Canby's lovage
Apiaceae
Ligusticum grayi
Gray's lovage
Apiaceae
Linanthastrum nuttallii
Linanthastrum
Polemoniaceae
Linanthus harknessii
Harkness' linanthus
Polemoniaceae
Linanthus septentrionalis
Northern linanthus
Polemoniaceae
Linaria dalmatica*
Dalmatian toad-flax
Scrophulariaceae
Linnaea borealis
Twinflower
Caprifoliaceae
Linum perenne
Wild blue-flax
Linaceae
Listera caurina
Northwestern twayblade
Orchidaceae
Listera convallarioides
Broad-lipped twayblade
Orchidaceae
Listera cordata
Heart-leaved twayblade
Orchidaceae
Lithophragma glabrum
Smooth woodland-star
Saxifragaceae
Lithophragma parviflorum
Small-flowered prairie-star
Saxifragaceae
Lithospermum arvense*
Corn gromwell
Boraginaceae
Lithospermum ruderale
Columbia puccoon
Boraginaceae
Lolium multiflorum*
Italian ryegrass
Poaceae
Lolium perenne*
English ryegrass
Poaceae
Lomatium ambiguum
Swale desert-parsley
Apiaceae
Lomatium bicolor
Slender-fruit lomatium
Apiaceae
Lomatium cous
Cous biscuit-root
Apiaceae
Lomatium dissectum
Fern-leaf biscuit-root
Apiaceae
Lomatium grayi
Gray's desert-parsley
Apiaceae
Lomatium leptocarpum
Bi-color biscuit-root
Apiaceae
Lomatium macrocarpum
Large-fruited lomatium
Apiaceae
Lomatium salmoniflorum
Salmon River lomatium
Apiaceae
Lomatium triternatum
Nine-leaf lomatium
Apiaceae
Lonicera ciliosa
Orange honeysuckle
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera involucrata
Black twinberry
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera utahensis
Utah honeysuckle
Caprifoliaceae
Lotus purshianus
Spanish clover
Fabaceae
Lupinus argenteus
Silvery lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus caudatus
Tailcup lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus holosericeus
Little-flowered lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus laxiflorus
Spurred lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus lepidus
Prairie lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus leucophyllus
Velvet lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus minimus
Kettle Falls lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus polyphyllus
Big-leaf lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus pusillus
Annual lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus sericeus
Silky lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus sulphureus
Sulphur lupine
Fabaceae
Lupinus wyethii
Wyeth's lupine
Fabaceae
Luzula campestris
Field woodrush
Juncaceae
Luzula spicata
Spiked woodrush
Juncaceae
Lychnis alba*
White campion
Caryophyllaceae
Lythrum salicaria*
Purple loosestrife
Lythraceae
Machaeranthera canescens
Hoary aster
Asteraceae
Machaeranthera shastensis
Shasta aster
Asteraceae
Madia glomerata
Mountain tarweed
Asteraceae
Madia gracilis
Common tarweed
Asteraceae
Madia minima
Small-head tarweed
Asteraceae
Marsilea vestita
Clover fern
Marsileaceae
Matricaria matricarioides*
Pineapple weed
Asteraceae
Medicago falcata*
Sickle medic
Fabaceae
Medicago lupulina*
Black medic
Fabaceae
Medicago sativa*
Alfalfa
Fabaceae
Melica bulbosa
Onion-grass
Poaceae
Melica fugax
Little onion-grass
Poaceae
Melica spectabilis
Showy onion-grass
Poaceae
Melica subulata
Alaska onion-grass
Poaceae
Melilotus alba*
White sweet-clover
Fabaceae
Melilotus officinalis*
Yellow sweet-clover
Fabaceae
Mentha arvensis
Field mint
Lamiaceae
Mentha citrata*
Bergamot mint
Lamiaceae
Mentzelia albicaulis
White-stemmed mentzelia
Loasaceae
Mentzelia dispersa
Bushy mentzelia
Loasaceae
Mentzelia laevicaulis
Blazingstar
Loasaceae
Menziesia ferruginea
Fool's huckleberry
Ericaceae
Mertensia ciliata
Broad-leaf bluebells
Boraginaceae
Mertensia longiflora
Small bluebells
Boraginaceae
Mertensia oblongifolia
Leafy bluebells
Boraginaceae
Mertensia paniculata
Tall bluebells
Boraginaceae
Mertensia viridis
Green bluebells
Boraginaceae
Microseris nutans
Nodding microseris
Asteraceae
Microseris troximoides
Wavyleaf microseris
Asteraceae
Microsteris gracilis
Pink microsteris
Polemoniaceae
Mimulus breviflorus
Short-flowered monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus breweri
Brewer's monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus guttatus
Common monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus lewisii
Lewis's monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus moschatus
Musk-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus nanus
Dwarf purple monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus primuloides
Primrose monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mimulus tilingii
Mountain monkey-flower
Scrophulariaceae
Mitella breweri
Brewer's mitrewort
Saxifragaceae
Mitella caulescens
Leafy mitrewort
Saxifragaceae
Mitella pentandra
Alpine mitrewort
Saxifragaceae
Mitella stauropetala
Cross-shaped mitrewort
Saxifragaceae
Monardella odoratissima
Mountain monardella
Lamiaceae
Moneses uniflora
Woodnymph
Ericaceae
Monotropa uniflora
Single-flowered indian pipe
Ericaceae
Montia arenicola
Sand montia
Portulacaceae
Montia cordifolia
Broad-leafed montia
Portulacaceae
Montia linearis
Narrow-leaf montia
Portulacaceae
Montia perfoliata
Miner's lettuce
Portulacaceae
Montia sibirica
Candyflower
Portulacaceae
Muhlenbergia mexicana
Leafy muhly
Poaceae
Myosotis laxa
Small-flowered forget-me-not
Boraginaceae
Myosotis micrantha*
Blue forget-me-not
Boraginaceae
Myosotis scorpioides*
Common forget-me-not
Boraginaceae
Myosurus minimus
Common mousetail
Ranunculaceae
Navarretia divaricata
Mountain navarretia
Polemoniaceae
Navarretia intertexta
Needle-leaf navarretia
Polemoniaceae
Nemophila breviflora
Great Basin nemophila
Hydrophyllaceae
Nemophila kirtleyi
Kirtley's nemophila
Hydrophyllaceae
Nemophila parviflora
Small-flowered nemophila
Hydrophyllaceae
Nemophila pedunculata
Meadow nemophila
Hydrophyllaceae
Oenothera hookeri
Hooker's evening-primrose
Onagraceae
Oenothera pallida
White-stemmed e-p
Onagraceae
Oenothera strigosa
Common evening-primrose
Onagraceae
Oplopanax horridum
Devil's club
Araliaceae
Orobanche fasciculata
Clustered broomrape
Orobanchaceae
Orobanche pinorum
Pine broomrape
Orobanchaceae
Orobanche uniflora
Naked broom-rape
Orobanchaceae
Orogenia linearifolia
Great Basin orogenia
Apiaceae
Orthocarpus hispidus
Hairy owl-clover
Scrophulariaceae
Orthocarpus tenuifolius
Thin-leaved owl-clover
Scrophulariaceae
Osmorhiza chilensis
Mountain sweet-cicely
Apiaceae
Osmorhiza depauperata
Blunt-fruited sweet-cicely
Apiaceae
Osmorhiza occidentalis
Western sweet-cicely
Apiaceae
Pachistima myrsinites
Mountain box
Celastraceae
Paeonia brownii
Wild peony
Paeoniaceae
Panicum capillare*
Old witchgrass
Poaceae
Papaver argemone*
Long prickly-headed poppy
Papaveraceae
Pedicularis bracteosa
Bracted lousewort
Scrophulariaceae
Pedicularis contorta
Coiled lousewort
Scrophulariaceae
Pedicularis racemosa
Sickletop lousewort
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon attenuatus
Sulfur penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon davidsonii
Davidson's penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon deustus
Hot-rock penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon diphyllus
Two-leaf penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon fruticosus
Shrubby penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon glandulosus
Glandular penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon pennellianus
Blue Mountain penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon rydbergii
Rydberg's penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon speciosus
Showy penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Penstemon venustus
Blue mountain penstemon
Scrophulariaceae
Perideridia bolanderi
Bolander's yampah
Apiaceae
Perideridia gairdneri
Yampah
Apiaceae
Petasites frigidus
Sweet coltsfoot
Asteraceae
Phacelia hastata
White-leaf phacelia
Hydrophyllaceae
Phacelia heterophylla
Varileaf phacelia
Hydrophyllaceae
Phacelia linearis
Thread-leaf phacelia
Hydrophyllaceae
Philadelphus lewisii
Mock-orange
Hydrangeaceae
Phleum alpinum
Alpine timothy
Poaceae
Phleum pratense*
Timothy
Poaceae
Phlox caespitosa
Tufted phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phlox diffusa
Spreading phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phlox longifolia
Long-leaf phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phlox pulvinata
Cushion phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phlox viscida
Sticky phlox
Polemoniaceae
Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides
Daggerpod
Brassicaceae
Phyllodoce empetriformis
Red mountain heather
Ericaceae
Physaria oregana
Oregon twinpod
Brassicaceae
Physocarpus capitatus
Pacific ninebark
Rosaceae
Physocarpus malvaceus
Mallow ninebark
Rosaceae
Picea engalmannii
Engelmann spruce
Pinaceae
Pinus contorta
Lodgepole pine
Pinaceae
Pinus ponderosa
Ponderosa pine
Pinaceae
Plagiobothrys scouleri
Scouler's popcorn-flower
Boraginaceae
Plantago lanceolata*
English plantain
Plantaginaceae
Plantago major*
Common plantain
Plantaginaceae
Plectritis macrocera
White plectritus
Valerianaceae
Poa annua
Annual bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa bulbosa*
Bulbous bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa compressa
Canadian bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa nemoralis
Wood bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa nervosa
Wheeler's bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa palustris*
Fowl meadow-grass
Poaceae
Poa pratensis*
Kentucky bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa sandbergii
Sandberg's bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa scabrella
Pine bluegrass
Poaceae
Poa secunda
Merrill's bluegrass
Poaceae
Polemonium californicum
California Jacob's-ladder
Polemoniaceae
Polemonium occidentale
Western polemonium
Polemoniaceae
Polemonium pectinatum
Washington polemonium
Polemoniaceae
Polemonium pulcherrimum
Showy Jacob's ladder
Polemoniaceae
Polygonum aviculare*
Doorweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum bistortoides
Mountain bistort
Polygonaceae
Polygonum douglasii
Douglas' knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum exsertum
Long-fruit knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum kelloggii
Kellogg's knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum majus
Wiry knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum minimum
Leafy dwarf knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polygonum polygaloides
White-margined knotweed
Polygonaceae
Polypodium hesperium
Western polypody
Polypodiaceae
Polypogon monspeilensis*
Rabbitsfoot grass
Poaceae
Polystichum munitum
Sword fern
Polypodiaceae
Polystichum scopulinum
Rock sword-fern
Polypodiaceae
Populus tremuloides
Quaking aspen
Salicaceae
Populus trichocarpa
Black cottonwood
Salicaceae
Portulaca oleracea*
Purslane
Portulacaceae
Potentilla biennis
Biennial cinquefoil
Rosaceae
Potentilla glandulosa
Sticky cinquefoil
Rosaceae
Potentilla gracilis
Graceful cinquefoil
Rosaceae
Potentilla recta*
Erect cinquefoil
Rosaceae
Prunella vulgaris
Self-heal
Lamiaceae
Prunus cerasus*
Sour cherry
Rosaceae
Prunus domestica*
Plum
Rosaceae
Prunus emarginata
Bitter cherry
Rosaceae
Prunus virginiana
Chokecherry
Rosaceae
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Douglas fir
Pinaceae
Psoralea lanceolata
Dune scurf-pea
Fabaceae
Pteridium aquilinum
Bracken
Polypodiaceae
Pterospora andromedea
Pinedrops
Ericaceae
Purshia tridentata
Bitterbrush
Rosaceae
Pyrola asarifolia
Pink wintergreen
Ericaceae
Pyrola chlorantha
Green wintergreen
Ericaceae
Pyrola picta
White-veined wintergreen
Ericaceae
Pyrola secunda
One-sided wintergreen
Ericaceae
Pyrus communis*
Pear
Rosaceae
Pyrus malus*
Apple
Rosaceae
Ranunculus glaberrimus
Sagebrush buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus orthorhynchus
Straight-beak buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus populago
Mountain buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus sceleratus
Celery-leaved buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus uncinatus
Little buttercup
Ranunculaceae
Rhamnus alnifolia
Alder buckthorn
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnus purshiana
Cascara
Rhamnaceae
Ribes aureum
Golden currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes cereum
Wax currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes cognatum
Umatilla gooseberry
Grossulariaceae
Ribes hudsonianum
Northern black currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes inerme
White-stem gooseberry
Grossulariaceae
Ribes irriguum
Idaho gooseberry
Grossulariaceae
Ribes lacustre
Prickly currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes niveum
Snow gooseberry
Grossulariaceae
Ribes oxyacanthoides
Northern gooseberry
Grossulariaceae
Ribes viscosissimum
Sticky currant
Grossulariaceae
Ribes wolfii
Wolf's current
Grossulariaceae
Robinia pseudoacacia*
Black locust
Fabaceae
Rorippa curvisiliqua
Western yellowcress
Brassicaceae
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum*
Water cress
Brassicaceae
Rosa gymnocarpa
Baldhip rose
Rosaceae
Rosa nutkana
Nootka rose
Rosaceae
Rosa woodsii
Wood's rose
Rosaceae
Rubus idaeus
Red raspberry
Rosaceae
Rubus laciniatus*
Evergreen blackberry
Rosaceae
Rubus leucodermis
Blackcap
Rosaceae
Rubus parviflorus
Thimbleberry
Rosaceae
Rubus ursinus
Wild blackberry
Rosaceae
Rudbeckia occidentalis
Black head
Asteraceae
Rumex acetosella*
Sheep sorrel
Polygonaceae
Rumex crispus*
Sour dock
Polygonaceae
Rumex patientia*
Patience dock
Polygonaceae
Rumex paucifolius
Mountain sorrel
Polygonaceae
Rumex salicifolius
Willow dock
Polygonaceae
Rumex venosus
Winged dock
Polygonaceae
Sagittaria cuneata
Wapato
Alismataceae
Salix amygdaloides
Peachleaf willow
Salicaceae
Salix commutata
Variable willow
Salicaceae
Salix exigua
Coyote willow
Salicaceae
Salix lasiandra
Pacific willow
Salicaceae
Salix rigida
Mackenzie willow
Salicaceae
Salix scouleriana
Scouler willow
Salicaceae
Salsola kali*
Russian thistle
Chenopodiaceae
Sambucus cerulea
Blue elderberry
Caprifoliaceae
Sambucus racemosa
Red elderberry
Caprifoliaceae
Sanguisorba occidentalis
Annual burnet
Rosaceae
Sanguisorba sitchensis
Sitka burnet
Rosaceae
Sanicula graveolens
Sierra sanicle
Apiaceae
Saussurea americana
American sawwort
Asteraceae
Saxifraga arguta
Brook saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga integrifolia
Grassland saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga mertensiana
Merten's saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga nidifica
Nesting saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga occidentalis
Western saxifrage
Saxifragaceae
Scirpus acutus
Hard-stem bulrush
Cyperaceae
Scirpus americanus
Three-square bulrush
Cyperaceae
Scirpus maritimus
Seacoast bulrush
Cyperaceae
Scirpus microcarpus
Small-flowered bulrush
Cyperaceae
Scirpus nevadensis
Nevada bulrush
Cyperaceae
Scirpus olneyi
Olney's bulrush
Cyperaceae
Scrophularia lanceolata
Lance-leaf figwort
Scrophulariaceae
Scutellaria angustifolia
Narrow-leaved skullcap
Lamiaceae
Scutellaria antirrhinoides
Snapdragon skullcap
Lamiaceae
Sedum lanceolatum
Lance-leaved stonecrop
Crassulaceae
Sedum leibergii
Leiberg's stonecrop
Crassulaceae
Sedum stenopetalum
Worm-leaf stonecrop
Crassulaceae
Selaginella densa
Compact selaginella
Selaginellaceae
Selaginella wallacei
Wallace's selaginella
Selaginellaceae
Senecio canus
Woolly groundsel
Asteraceae
Senecio crassulus
Thick-leaf groundsel
Asteraceae
Senecio foetidus
Sweet-marsh butterweed
Asteraceae
Senecio integerrimus
Western groundsel
Asteraceae
Senecio serra
Tall butterweed
Asteraceae
Senecio streptanthifolius
Cleft-leaf groundsel
Asteraceae
Senecio triangularis
Arrowleaf groundsel
Asteraceae
Senecio vulgaris*
Common groundsel
Asteraceae
Setaria lutescens*
Yellow foxtail
Poaceae
Sidalcea oregana
Oregon checkermallow
Malvaceae
Silene douglasii
Douglas' silene
Caryophyllaceae
Silene menziesii
Menzies' silene
Caryophyllaceae
Silene oregana
Oregon silene
Caryophyllaceae
Sisymbrium altissimum*
Jim Hill mustard
Brassicaceae
Sisyrinchium douglasii
Grass-widow
Iridaceae
Sisyrinchium inflatum
Purple-eyed grass
Iridaceae
Sitanion hystrix
Squirreltail
Poaceae
Sitanion jubatum
Big squirreltail
Poaceae
Smilacina racemosa
False Solomon's seal
Liliaceae
Smilacina stellata
Star-flowered Solomon's seal
Liliaceae
Solidago gigantea
Late goldenrod
Asteraceae
Solidago missouriensis
Missouri goldenrod
Asteraceae
Solidago occidentalis
Western goldenrod
Asteraceae
Sorbus scopulina
Cascade mountain-ash
Rosaceae
Spergularia rubra*
Red sandspurry
Caryophyllaceae
Sphaeralcea munroana
White-leaved globe mallow
Malvaceae
Sphenopholis obtusata
Wedgegrass
Poaceae
Sphenosciadium capitellatum
Swamp white-heads
Apiaceae
Spiraea betulifolia
Birch-leafed spirea
Rosaceae
Stellaria crispa
Crisped starwort
Caryophyllaceae
Stellaria graminea*
Lesser starwort
Caryophyllaceae
Stellaria longifolia
Long-leaved starwort
Caryophyllaceae
Stellaria longipes
Long-stalked starwort
Caryophyllaceae
Stellaria media*
Common chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
Stipa comata
Rip-gut
Poaceae
Stipa lemmonii
Lemmon's needlegrass
Poaceae
Stipa lettermanii
Letterman's needlegrass
Poaceae
Stipa occidentalis
Western needlegrass
Poaceae
Streptopus amplexifolius
Clasping-leaved twisted-stalk
Liliaceae
Symphoricarpos albus
Common snowberry
Caprifoliaceae
Symphoricarpos oreophilus
Mountain snowberry
Caprifoliaceae
Synthyris missurica
Mountain kittytails
Scrophulariaceae
Syringa vulgaris*
Lilac
Oleaceae
Tanacetum vulgare*
Common tansy
Asteraceae
Taraxacum ceratophorum
Horned dandelion
Asteraceae
Taraxacum officinale*
Dandelion
Asteraceae
Taxus brevifolia
Western yew
Taxaceae
Thalictrum fendleri
Fendler's meadowrue
Ranunculaceae
Thalictrum occidentale
Western meadowrue
Ranunculaceae
Thelypodium laciniatum
Thick-leaved thelepody
Brassicaceae
Thermopsis montana
Mountain golden-pea
Fabaceae
Thlaspi arvense*
Fanweed
Brassicaceae
Thlaspi californicum*
Kneeland Prairie pennycress
Brassicaceae
Thlaspi fendleri
Fendler's pennycress
Brassicaceae
Thysanocarpus curvipes
Fringepod
Brassicaceae
Tiarella trifoliata
Foamflower
Saxifragaceae
Tonella floribunda
Large-flowered tonella
Scrophulariaceae
Tragopogon dubius*
Oysterplant
Asteraceae
Tragopogon pratensis*
Meadow salsify
Asteraceae
Trautvetteria caroliniensis
False bugbane
Ranunculaceae
Tribulus terrestris*
Puncture vine
Zygophyllaceae
Trifolium agrarium*
Yellow clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium cyathiferum
Cup clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium dubium*
Least hop clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium eriocephalum
Wooly-head clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium longipes
Long-stalked clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium macrocephalum
Big-headed clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium microcephalum
Woolly clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium pratense*
Red clover
Fabaceae
Trifolium repens*
White clover
Fabaceae
Trillium ovatum
White trillium
Liliaceae
Trillium petiolatum
Purple trillium
Liliaceae
Trisetum cernuum
Nodding trisetum
Poaceae
Typha latifolia
Common cattail
Typhaceae
Ulmus americanus
American elm
Ulmaceae
Urtica dioica
Stinging nettle
Urticaceae
Vaccinium globulare
Globe huckleberry
Ericaceae
Vaccinium membranaceum
Mountain huckleberry
Ericaceae
Vaccinium scoparium
Grouseberry
Ericaceae
Valeriana scouleri
Scouler's valerian
Valerianaceae
Valeriana sitchensis
Sitka valerian
Valerianaceae
Valerianella locusta*
European corn salad
Valerianaceae
Ventenata dubia*
Ventenata
Poaceae
Veratrum californicum
California false hellebore
Liliaceae
Veratrum viride
Green false hellebore
Liliaceae
Verbascum thapsus*
Common mullein
Scrophulariaceae
Veronica americana
American brooklime
Scrophulariaceae
Veronica anagallis-aquatica*
Water pimpernel
Scrophulariaceae
Veronica cusickii
Cusick's speedwell
Scrophulariaceae
Veronica serpyllifolia
Thyme-leaf speedwell
Scrophulariaceae
Vicia americana
American vetch
Fabaceae
Vicia villosa*
Hairy vetch
Fabaceae
Viola adunca
Early blue violet
Violaceae
Viola glabella
Stream violet
Violaceae
Viola macloskeyi
Small white violet
Violaceae
Viola nuttallii
Yellow prairie violet
Violaceae
Viola orbiculata
Round-leaved violet
Violaceae
Viola palustris
Marsh violet
Violaceae
Viola purpurea
Goosefoot violet
Violaceae
Woodsia oregana
Oregon woodsia
Polypodiaceae
Wyethia amplexicaulis
Northern mule's ears
Asteraceae
Zigadenus paniculatus
Panicled death camas
Liliaceae
Zigadenus venenosus
Meadow death camas
Liliaceae
(Ord. 2016-02)